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      Substantial concordance between transient elastography and APRI and FIB-4 combination amongst hepatitis C inmates with non advanced liver fibrosis Translated title: Buena concordancia entre la elastografía de transición y las pruebas combinadas APRI y FIB-4 en presos con hepatitis C sin enfermedad hepática avanzada

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          Abstract

          Objectives

          To establish concordance between transient elastography (TE) and non invasive markers (NIM) APRI and FIB-4 combination in cronic hepatitis C (HC) patients with non-advanced liver fibrosis (NALF).

          Material and method

          Multi-centre retrospective study carried out at two different Barcelona Prisons HC inmates who had the TE done at 2019. We compared the ET vs. NIM results. The NALF consideration was ≤2 (≤12.5 Kilopascal (kPa) in TE). In the NALF cases was calculated de NIM APRI and FIB-4 and the kappa index agreement was established between TE and NIM.

          Results

          107 cases were included, but only 82 were assessable. The average age was 42 (DS: ±3.2) years. The 96.5% were men, 51.2% spanish, 70.7% drug users and 39% HIV co infected. The 45.1% of those HC infected had genotipe 1. The 90.2% of the evaluated patients by TE the ALD was not detected. The kappa index was 0.78. 65 (79.3%) studied inmates got HC treatment. The 20.7% could not be treated because the evaluation was not completed.

          Conclusion

          Most of the HC infected inmates have no ALD, and in such cases concordance between NIM/TE is substantial. The NIM can be used to shorten the evaluation time and prescribe the treatment faster, especially if the length of stay in prison is short and risk of transmission is high.

          Resumen

          Objetivos

          Determinar la concordancia entre la elastografía de transición (ET) y los métodos no invasivos (MNI) del índice de relación de niveles de plaquetas y aspartato-aminotransferasa (APRI, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index) y el índice de fibrosis 4 (FIB-4) combinados en internos con Hepatitis C crónica (HCC) sin enfermedad hepática avanzada (EHA).

          Material y método

          Estudio multicéntrico y retrospectivo realizado en reclusos con HC de dos prisiones de Barcelona con ET efectuada en 2019. Se comparó el resultado de la ET frente a MNI. Se consideró que no era EHA si la fibrosis era ≤2 (≤12,5 ki- lopascales [kPa], en ET). Se calculó el grado de fibrosis por métodos no invasivos (MNI) y, en los casos sin EHA, se determinó la concordancia entre ET y MNI mediante el índice kappa (k).

          Resultados

          Se incluyeron 107 casos, 82 evaluables. Edad media: 42 (desviación estándar [DE]: ±3,2) años. El 96,4% eran hombres, el 51,2% españoles, el 70,7% con antecedente de uso de drogas intravenosas (UDI) y el 39% infectados por VIH. El 45,1% de los infectados presentaba genotipo 1. En el 90,2% de los evaluados mediante ET, no se detectó EHA. El índice k fue de 0,78. Se prescribió tratamiento contra el virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) a 65 (79,3%). El 20,7% no pudo tratarse por falta de tiempo para completar el estudio.

          Conclusiones

          La mayoría de los infectados actuales no presentan EHA y, en estos casos, la concordancia MNI/ET es buena. Los MNI pueden utilizarse para acortar el tiempo de evaluación hepática y prescribir antes el tratamiento, sobre todo si el tiem- po de estancia en prisión se prevé corto y el riesgo de transmisión es alto.

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          Most cited references15

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          The Measurement of Observer Agreement for Categorical Data

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            The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data.

            This paper presents a general statistical methodology for the analysis of multivariate categorical data arising from observer reliability studies. The procedure essentially involves the construction of functions of the observed proportions which are directed at the extent to which the observers agree among themselves and the construction of test statistics for hypotheses involving these functions. Tests for interobserver bias are presented in terms of first-order marginal homogeneity and measures of interobserver agreement are developed as generalized kappa-type statistics. These procedures are illustrated with a clinical diagnosis example from the epidemiological literature.
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              Development of a simple noninvasive index to predict significant fibrosis in patients with HIV/HCV coinfection.

              Liver biopsy remains the gold standard in the assessment of severity of liver disease. Noninvasive tests have gained popularity to predict histology in view of the associated risks of biopsy. However, many models include tests not readily available, and there are limited data from patients with HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection. We aimed to develop a model using routine tests to predict liver fibrosis in patients with HIV/HCV coinfection. A retrospective analysis of liver histology was performed in 832 patients. Liver fibrosis was assessed via Ishak score; patients were categorized as 0-1, 2-3, or 4-6 and were randomly assigned to training (n = 555) or validation (n = 277) sets. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that platelet count (PLT), age, AST, and INR were significantly associated with fibrosis. Additional analysis revealed PLT, age, AST, and ALT as an alternative model. Based on this, a simple index (FIB-4) was developed: age ([yr] x AST [U/L]) / ((PLT [10(9)/L]) x (ALT [U/L])(1/2)). The AUROC of the index was 0.765 for differentiation between Ishak stage 0-3 and 4-6. At a cutoff of 3.25 had a positive predictive value of 65% and a specificity of 97%. Using these cutoffs, 87% of the 198 patients with FIB-4 values outside 1.45-3.25 would be correctly classified, and liver biopsy could be avoided in 71% of the validation group. In conclusion, noninvasive tests can accurately predict hepatic fibrosis and may reduce the need for liver biopsy in the majority of HIV/HCV-coinfected patients.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Esp Sanid Penit
                Rev Esp Sanid Penit
                sanipe
                Revista Española de Sanidad Penitenciaria
                Sociedad Española de Sanidad Penitenciaria
                1575-0620
                2013-6463
                Jan-Apr 2022
                31 March 2022
                : 24
                : 1
                : 33-37
                Affiliations
                [1 ] originalPrison primary healthcare team, Sant Esteve Sesrovires 1, Brians 1 Prison. Barcelona. orgnameSant Esteve Sesrovires 1, Brians 1 Prison Barcelona, Spain
                [2 ] originalPrison primary healthcare team, Sant Esteve Sesrovires 2, Brians 2 Prison. Barcelona. orgnameSant Esteve Sesrovires 2, Brians 2 Prison Barcelona, Spain
                Author notes
                [* ] Correspondence: Elena Yela. EAPP Sant Esteve Sesrovires, 1 Carretera de Martorell a Capellades km 23, Sant Esteve Sesrovires. E-mail: eyela@ 123456gencat.cat
                Article
                10.18176/resp.00047
                9017610
                35411910
                39223751-ad4b-4c35-a1dd-0e833b9ee4a4

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

                History
                : 18 February 2021
                : 14 April 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 13, Pages: 5
                Categories
                Original Breve

                prisons,hepatitis,elasticity imaging techniques,fibrosis,diagnostic techniques,digestive system,prisiones,diagnóstico por imagen de elasticidad,técnicas de diagnóstico del sistema digestivo

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