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      Effect of cassava-starch coatings with ascorbic acidic and N-acetylcysteine on the quality of harton plantain (Musa paradisiaca) Translated title: Efecto de recubrimientos de almidón de yuca con ácido ascórbico y N-acetilcisteína en la calidad del plátano hartón (Musa paradisiaca)

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          Abstract

          The effect of coatings was evaluated on the quality of harton plantain fruits (Musa paradisiaca) in the postharvest stage. Solutions for three treatments were prepared from 50 g L-1 cassava starch (Manihot esculenta) with 30 g L-1 glycerol as the plasticizer and 6 g L-1 polyethylene glycol-600®; for anti-browning agents, 6 g L-1 ascorbic acid (AA) and 8 g L-1 N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC) were added. The fruits were coated by immersion, stored at 18 ± 4°C and 85% RH. Physicochemical properties were determined at 32 days postharvest. The applied coatings decreased the physiological weight loss (%WL) and resulted in a higher pulp firmness (PF); no significant difference was seen with a confidence level of 95% in the concentration of total soluble solids (TSS), acidity or maturity index. The skin color was measured by the CIE L*a*b* method, with an average L value of 70 for the fruits coated with the 6 g L-1 AA and 8 g L-1 NAC mixture, while the control fruits had a value of 57. Also, lower a* coordinate values and browning indices were found for the epidermis of the coated fruits. The enzymatic activity of the polyphenol oxidase decreased with the number of postharvest days for all of the treatments, being lower for the fruits with the mixture of anti-browning agents by 27%, as compared to the control. It was concluded that the coating mixture containing the anti-browning agents ascorbic acid, 6 g L-1, and N-acetyl-cysteine, 8 g L-1, showed a better effect as an alternative for storing fruits and prolonging the shelf-life of harton plantain.

          Translated abstract

          El efecto de recubrimientos fue evaluado sobre la calidad de frutos de plátano Hartón (Musa paradisiaca) en la etapa de poscosecha. Se prepararon soluciones para tres tratamientos a partir de almidón de yuca (Manihot esculenta) 50 g L-1, con glicerol como plastificante 30 g L-1 y polietilen glicol-600® 6 g L-1, como agentes antipardeantes se adicionó ácido ascórbico (AA) 6 g L-1 y N-Acetil-Cisteína (NAC) 8 g L-1 y una mezcla de AA 6 g L-1 más NAC 8 g L-1. Los frutos se recubrieron por inmersión y se almacenaron a 18 ± 4°C y 85% de HR. Se determinaron las propiedades físico-químicas durante 32 días de poscosecha. Los recubrimientos aplicados disminuyeron la pérdida fisiológica de peso (%PP) y presentaron una mayor firmeza de la pulpa (FP), igualmente no se presentó diferencia significativa con un nivel de confianza del 95% en la concentración de sólidos solubles totales (SST), ni en la acidez e índice de madurez; el color de la epidermis fue medido instrumentalmente por el método CIE L*a*b*, se encontró para la coordenada L un valor medio de 70 para frutos recubiertos con la mezcla de AA 6 g L-1 más NAC 8 g L-1, mientras que para el control se encontró un valor de 57, además se encontraron menores valores para la coordenada a* e índice de pardeamiento para los frutos recubiertos. La actividad enzimática de la polifenoloxidasa se mostró decreciente con los días de poscosecha para todos los tratamientos, siendo menor para la mezcla de antioxidantes en un 27% con respecto al control. Se pudo concluir que el recubrimiento que contenía la mezcla de agentes antioxidantes presentó mejor efecto como alternativa de conservación para los frutos y prolongó el tiempo de vida útil del plátano hartón.

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          Most cited references43

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          Cell wall metabolism in fruit softening and quality and its manipulation in transgenic plants.

          Excessive softening is the main factor limiting fruit shelf life and storage. Transgenic plants modified in the expression of cell wall modifying proteins have been used to investigate the role of particular activities in fruit softening during ripening, and in the manufacture of processed fruit products. Transgenic experiments show that polygalacturonase (PG) activity is largely responsible for pectin depolymerization and solubilization, but that PG-mediated pectin depolymerization requires pectin to be de-methyl-esterified by pectin methylesterase (PME), and that the PG beta-subunit protein plays a role in limiting pectin solubilization. Suppression of PG activity only slightly reduces fruit softening (but extends fruit shelf life), suppression of PME activity does not affect firmness during normal ripening, and suppression of beta-subunit protein accumulation increases softening. All these pectin-modifying proteins affect the integrity of the middle lamella, which controls cell-to-cell adhesion and thus influences fruit texture. Diminished accumulation of either PG or PME activity considerably increases the viscosity of tomato juice or paste, which is correlated with reduced polyuronide depolymerization during processing. In contrast, suppression of beta-galactosidase activity early in ripening significantly reduces fruit softening, suggesting that the removal of pectic galactan side-chains is an important factor in the cell wall changes leading to ripening-related firmness loss. Suppression or overexpression of endo-(1-->4)beta-D-glucanase activity has no detectable effect on fruit softening or the depolymerization of matrix glycans, and neither the substrate nor the function for this enzyme has been determined. The role of xyloglucan endotransglycosylase activity in softening is also obscure, and the activity responsible for xyloglucan depolymerization during ripening, a major contributor to softening, has not yet been identified. However, ripening-related expansin protein abundance is directly correlated with fruit softening and has additional indirect effects on pectin depolymerization, showing that this protein is intimately involved in the softening process. Transgenic work has shown that the cell wall changes leading to fruit softening and textural changes are complex, and involve the coordinated and interdependent activities of a range of cell wall-modifying proteins. It is suggested that the cell wall changes caused early in ripening by the activities of some enzymes, notably beta-galactosidase and ripening-related expansin, may restrict or control the activities of other ripening-related enzymes necessary for the fruit softening process.
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            Advances in edible coatings for fresh fruits and vegetables: a review.

            R K Dhall (2013)
            Edible coatings are an environmentally friendly technology that is applied on many products to control moisture transfer, gas exchange or oxidation processes. Edible coatings can provide an additional protective coating to produce and can also give the same effect as modified atmosphere storage in modifying internal gas composition. One major advantage of using edible films and coatings is that several active ingredients can be incorporated into the polymer matrix and consumed with the food, thus enhancing safety or even nutritional and sensory attributes. But, in some cases, edible coatings were not successful. The success of edible coatings for fresh products totally depends on the control of internal gas composition. Quality criteria for fruits and vegetables coated with edible films must be determined carefully and the quality parameters must be monitored throughout the storage period. Color change, firmness loss, ethanol fermentation, decay ratio and weight loss of edible film coated fruits need to be monitored. This review discusses the use of different edible coatings (polysaccharides, proteins, lipids and composite) as carriers of functional ingredients on fresh fruits and vegetables to maximize their quality and shelf life. This also includes the recent advances in the incorporation of antimicrobials, texture enhancers and nutraceuticals to improve quality and functionality of fresh-cut fruits. Sensory implications, regulatory status and future trends are also reviewed.
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              Kinetics of colour change of kiwifruits during hot air and microwave drying

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rfnam
                Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía, Medellín
                Rev.Fac.Nal.Agr.Medellín
                Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias - Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín (Medellín )
                0304-2847
                July 2015
                : 68
                : 2
                : 7689-7701
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad Nacional de Colombia Colombia
                [2 ] Universidad de Cartagena Colombia
                [3 ] Universidad de Cartagena Colombia
                Article
                S0304-28472015000200010
                10.15446/rfnam.v68n2.50985
                3953981a-7320-4a9f-b204-734bc850015e

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0304-2847&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRONOMY

                Horticulture
                Browning,polyphenol oxidase,fruit,vegetables,Pardeamiento,polifenoloxidasa,frutas,vegetales
                Horticulture
                Browning, polyphenol oxidase, fruit, vegetables, Pardeamiento, polifenoloxidasa, frutas, vegetales

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