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      Computing on actin bundles network

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          Abstract

          Actin filaments are conductive to ionic currents, mechanical and voltage solitons. These travelling localisations can be utilised to generate computing circuits from actin networks. The propagation of localisations on a single actin filament is experimentally unfeasible to control. Therefore, we consider excitation waves propagating on bundles of actin filaments. In computational experiments with a two-dimensional slice of an actin bundle network we show that by using an arbitrary arrangement of electrodes, it is possible to implement two-inputs-one-output circuits.

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          Most cited references49

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          Impulses and Physiological States in Theoretical Models of Nerve Membrane

          Van der Pol's equation for a relaxation oscillator is generalized by the addition of terms to produce a pair of non-linear differential equations with either a stable singular point or a limit cycle. The resulting "BVP model" has two variables of state, representing excitability and refractoriness, and qualitatively resembles Bonhoeffer's theoretical model for the iron wire model of nerve. This BVP model serves as a simple representative of a class of excitable-oscillatory systems including the Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) model of the squid giant axon. The BVP phase plane can be divided into regions corresponding to the physiological states of nerve fiber (resting, active, refractory, enhanced, depressed, etc.) to form a "physiological state diagram," with the help of which many physiological phenomena can be summarized. A properly chosen projection from the 4-dimensional HH phase space onto a plane produces a similar diagram which shows the underlying relationship between the two models. Impulse trains occur in the BVP and HH models for a range of constant applied currents which make the singular point representing the resting state unstable.
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            Emergent complexity of the cytoskeleton: from single filaments to tissue

            Despite their overwhelming complexity, living cells display a high degree of internal mechanical and functional organization which can largely be attributed to the intracellular biopolymer scaffold, the cytoskeleton. Being a very complex system far from thermodynamic equilibrium, the cytoskeleton's ability to organize is at the same time challenging and fascinating. The extensive amounts of frequently interacting cellular building blocks and their inherent multifunctionality permits highly adaptive behavior and obstructs a purely reductionist approach. Nevertheless (and despite the field's relative novelty), the physics approach has already proved to be extremely successful in revealing very fundamental concepts of cytoskeleton organization and behavior. This review aims at introducing the physics of the cytoskeleton ranging from single biopolymer filaments to multicellular organisms. Throughout this wide range of phenomena, the focus is set on the intertwined nature of the different physical scales (levels of complexity) that give rise to numerous emergent properties by means of self-organization or self-assembly.
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              Ionic wave propagation along actin filaments.

              We investigate the conditions enabling actin filaments to act as electrical transmission lines for ion flows along their lengths. We propose a model in which each actin monomer is an electric element with a capacitive, inductive, and resistive property due to the molecular structure of the actin filament and viscosity of the solution. Based on Kirchhoff's laws taken in the continuum limit, a nonlinear partial differential equation is derived for the propagation of ionic waves. We solve this equation in two different regimes. In the first, the maximum propagation velocity wave is found in terms of Jacobi elliptic functions. In the general case, we analyze the equation in terms of Fisher-Kolmogoroff modes with both localized and extended wave characteristics. We propose a new signaling mechanism in the cell, especially in neurons.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                andrew.adamatzky@uwe.ac.uk
                Journal
                Sci Rep
                Sci Rep
                Scientific Reports
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2045-2322
                4 November 2019
                4 November 2019
                2019
                : 9
                : 15887
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2034 5266, GRID grid.6518.a, Unconventional Computing Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, , University of the West of England, ; Bristol, UK
                [2 ]GRID grid.454309.f, Netherlands eScience Center, Science Park 140, ; 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
                [3 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2230 9752, GRID grid.9647.c, Soft Matter Physics Division, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, , Leipzig University, ; Leipzig, Germany
                [4 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0494 3022, GRID grid.418008.5, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), DNA Nanodevices Group, ; Leipzig, Germany
                Article
                51354
                10.1038/s41598-019-51354-y
                6828718
                31685834
                397ae5c8-bd8c-4973-a499-764bd58e64b5
                © The Author(s) 2019

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 7 March 2019
                : 26 September 2019
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                © The Author(s) 2019

                Uncategorized
                computer science,electronic devices,computational models
                Uncategorized
                computer science, electronic devices, computational models

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