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      The effects of self-efficacy enhancing program on foot self-care behaviour of older adults with diabetes: A randomised controlled trial in elderly care facility, Peninsular Malaysia

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          Abstract

          Background

          Self-care behaviour is essential in preventing diabetes foot problems. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of health education programs based on the self-efficacy theory on foot self-care behaviour for older adults with diabetes.

          Methods

          A randomised controlled trial was conducted for 12 weeks among older adults with diabetes in elderly care facility in Peninsular Malaysia. Six elderly care facility were randomly allocated by an independent person into two groups (intervention and control). The intervention group (three elderly care facility) received a health education program on foot self-care behaviour while the control group (three elderly care facility) received standard care. Participants were assessed at baseline, and at week-4 and week-12 follow-ups. The primary outcome was foot-self-care behaviour. Foot care self-efficacy (efficacy expectation), foot care outcome expectation, knowledge of foot care and quality of life were the secondary outcomes. Data were analysed with Mixed Design Analysis of Variance using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22.0.

          Results

          184 respondents were recruited but only 76 met the selection criteria and were included in the analysis. Foot self-care behaviour, foot care self-efficacy (efficacy expectation), foot care outcome expectation and knowledge of foot care improved in the intervention group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). However, some of these improvements did not significantly differ compared to the control group for QoL physical symptoms and QoL psychosocial functioning (p > 0.05).

          Conclusion

          The self-efficacy enhancing program improved foot self-care behaviour with respect to the delivered program. It is expected that in the future, the self-efficacy theory can be incorporated into diabetes education to enhance foot self-care behaviour for elderly with diabetes living in other institutional care facilities.

          Trial registration

          Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry ACTRN12616000210471

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          Most cited references42

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          Better reporting of interventions: template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide.

          Tammy C Hoffmann, Paul P Glasziou, David Moher … (2014)
          Without a complete published description of interventions, clinicians and patients cannot reliably implement interventions that are shown to be useful, and other researchers cannot replicate or build on research findings. The quality of description of interventions in publications, however, is remarkably poor. To improve the completeness of reporting, and ultimately the replicability, of interventions, an international group of experts and stakeholders developed the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide. The process involved a literature review for relevant checklists and research, a Delphi survey of an international panel of experts to guide item selection, and a face to face panel meeting. The resultant 12 item TIDieR checklist (brief name, why, what (materials), what (procedure), who provided, how, where, when and how much, tailoring, modifications, how well (planned), how well (actual)) is an extension of the CONSORT 2010 statement (item 5) and the SPIRIT 2013 statement (item 11). While the emphasis of the checklist is on trials, the guidance is intended to apply across all evaluative study designs. This paper presents the TIDieR checklist and guide, with an explanation and elaboration for each item, and examples of good reporting. The TIDieR checklist and guide should improve the reporting of interventions and make it easier for authors to structure accounts of their interventions, reviewers and editors to assess the descriptions, and readers to use the information.
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            Progress in development of the index of ADL.

            S. Katz, T. Downs, H. Cash … (1970)
            Article 0 comments Cited 275 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Quality of life in older ages.

              Gopalakrishnan Netuveli, David N Blane (2008)
              The quality of life of elderly people has become relevant with the demographic shift that has resulted in greying of population. There are indications that concepts and concerns related to quality of life in older ages are different from the general population. A narrative review of selected literature. Quality of life is described often with both objective and subjective dimensions. The majority of the elderly people evaluate their quality of life positively on the basis of social contacts, dependency, health, material circumstances and social comparisons. Adaptation and resilience might play a part in maintaining good quality of life. Although there are no cultural differences in the subjective dimension of quality of life, in the objective dimension such differences exist. Two major factors to be considered with regard to quality of life in old age are dementia and depression. With all other influences controlled, ageing does not influence quality of life negatively; rather a long period of good quality of life is possible. Therefore, the maintenance and improvement quality of life should be included among the goals of clinical management.
              Article 0 comments Cited 95 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Siti Khuzaimah Ahmad Sharoni:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6352-929X
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SoftwareRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Hejar Abdul Rahman: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: Visualization
                Halimatus Sakdiah Minhat: Role: ConceptualizationRole: MethodologyRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: Visualization
                Sazlina Shariff-Ghazali: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: MethodologyRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: Visualization
                Mohd Hanafi Azman Ong: Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: SoftwareRole: ValidationRole: Visualization
                Jacobus P. van Wouwe: Role: Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS ONE
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
                Journal ID (pmc): plosone
                Title: PLoS ONE
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203
                Publication date (Electronic): 13 March 2018
                Publication date Collection: 2018
                Volume: 13
                Issue: 3
                Electronic Location Identifier: e0192417
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Centre for Nursing Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
                [2 ] Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
                [3 ] Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
                [4 ] Department of Statistics, Faculty of Computer Science and Mathematics, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Segamat Campus, Segamat, Johor, Malaysia
                TNO, NETHERLANDS
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6352-929X
                Article
                Publisher ID: PONE-D-17-21412
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192417
                PMC ID: 5849313
                PubMed ID: 29534070
                SO-VID: 39869caa-973a-4517-9232-caab5ec937d9
                Copyright © © 2018 Ahmad Sharoni et al
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 7 June 2017
                Date accepted : 3 January 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 6, Pages: 23
                Funding
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004530, Universiti Putra Malaysia;
                Award ID: no. 9463500
                Award Recipient :
                This work was supported by Universiti Putra Malaysia Grant (Project Code: GP-IPS/2015/9463500). Special thanks to the Malaysian Ministry of Education and Universiti Teknologi MARA for the scholarship support. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Endocrinology
                Subject: Endocrine Disorders
                Subject: Diabetes Mellitus
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Metabolic Disorders
                Subject: Diabetes Mellitus
                Subject: People and Places
                Subject: Population Groupings
                Subject: Age Groups
                Subject: Elderly
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Health Care
                Subject: Geriatric Care
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Health Care
                Subject: Psychological and Psychosocial Issues
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Health Care
                Subject: Quality of Life
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Health Care
                Subject: Health Care Providers
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Behavior
                Subject: People and Places
                Subject: Geographical Locations
                Subject: Asia
                Subject: Malaysia
                Custom metadata
                Data Availability Relevant data are from "Effects of Self-Efficacy Enhancing Program on Foot Self-Care Behaviour of Elderly with Diabetes" study. Qualifying researchers may apply for data access at: JKEUPM (Ethic Committee for Research Involving Human Subjects) Research Management Centre Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400, UPM Serdang Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia, Email: dir.rmc@ 123456upm.edu.my , website: http://www.rmc.upm.edu.my/our_services/penilaian_etika_penyelidikan/jkeupm_jawatankuasa_etika_universiti_melibatkan_manusia-2725?L=en.

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                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

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