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      Painful Bladder Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis Successful Treatment with Montelukast: A Case Report and Literature Review

      case-report
      1 , , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6
      ,
      Cureus
      Cureus
      bladder pain syndrome, montelukast, asthma

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          Abstract

          Painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis (PBS/IC) is a chronic condition characterized by pelvic pain, urinary frequency, and urgency for more than six months in the absence of urinary tract infections. The etiology of PBS/IC is still an enigma. PBS/IC is challenging for doctors to diagnose because its symptoms overlap with other diseases such as urinary tract infection, overactive bladder, or endometriosis. Hence, it is diagnosed after excluding those diseases. The prognosis of PBS/IC may vary because of multiple treatment options. In this study, we are documenting a 26-year-old female patient who was successfully treated with montelukast after diagnosed with PBS/IC.

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          Most cited references17

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          The standardisation of terminology in lower urinary tract function: report from the standardisation sub-committee of the International Continence Society.

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            Critical role of mast cells in inflammatory diseases and the effect of acute stress.

            Mast cells are not only necessary for allergic reactions, but recent findings indicate that they are also involved in a variety of neuroinflammatory diseases, especially those worsened by stress. In these cases, mast cells appear to be activated through their Fc receptors by immunoglobulins other than IgE, as well as by anaphylatoxins, neuropeptides and cytokines to secrete mediators selectively without overt degranulation. These facts can help us better understand a variety of sterile inflammatory conditions, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), migraines, inflammatory arthritis, atopic dermatitis, coronary inflammation, interstitial cystitis and irritable bowel syndrome, in which mast cells are activated without allergic degranulation.
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              Comorbidity of interstitial cystitis with other unexplained clinical conditions.

              The aims of this review are 1) to consider the hypothesis that interstitial cystitis (IC) is not a single disease entity in all patients by reviewing the evidence for the presence of IC subtypes and for the comorbidity of various unexplained clinical conditions in some patients with IC, and 2) to describe recent results obtained in humans and in cats with severe feline IC (FIC) that suggest the presence of an underlying neuroendocrine abnormality. The IC literature concerning comorbidity with other disorders was reviewed and these findings were compared with those of investigators studying the comorbid disorders and comparable data on cats with FIC. A significant overlap of symptoms exists among a number of unexplained clinical conditions and a common stress response pattern of increased sympathetic nervous system function in the absence of comparable activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis occurs in a subset of patients with many of these conditions. A comparable pattern exists in cats with FIC, which also includes increased corticotropin releasing factor activity and decreased adrenocortical reserve. Further investigation of the stress response system of patients with IC seems merited, which may provide novel approaches to therapy in some patients.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Cureus
                Cureus
                2168-8184
                Cureus
                Cureus (Palo Alto (CA) )
                2168-8184
                25 June 2018
                June 2018
                : 10
                : 6
                : e2876
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
                [2 ] Internal Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Hospital, Jamshoro, PAK
                [3 ] Internal Medicine, Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College, Sukkur, PAK
                [4 ] Internal Medicine, Baylor Saint Luke's Medical Center, Houston, USA
                [5 ] Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical College, Boston, USA
                [6 ] Internal Medicine, Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education & Research, Talegaon, IND
                Author notes
                Muhammad Wajih Ullah m.wajihullah@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                10.7759/cureus.2876
                6110420
                39d468d3-9b40-4d6d-a060-99215899330d
                Copyright © 2018, Wajih Ullah et al.

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 18 June 2018
                : 25 June 2018
                Categories
                Internal Medicine
                Urology
                Pulmonology

                bladder pain syndrome,montelukast,asthma
                bladder pain syndrome, montelukast, asthma

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