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      A Course-Based Research Experience: How Benefits Change with Increased Investment in Instructional Time

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      CBE Life Sciences Education
      American Society for Cell Biology
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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          While course-based research in genomics can generate both knowledge gains and a greater appreciation for how science is done, a significant investment of course time is required to enable students to show gains commensurate to a summer research experience. Nonetheless, this is a very cost-effective way to reach larger numbers of students.

          Abstract

          There is widespread agreement that science, technology, engineering, and mathematics programs should provide undergraduates with research experience. Practical issues and limited resources, however, make this a challenge. We have developed a bioinformatics project that provides a course-based research experience for students at a diverse group of schools and offers the opportunity to tailor this experience to local curriculum and institution-specific student needs. We assessed both attitude and knowledge gains, looking for insights into how students respond given this wide range of curricular and institutional variables. While different approaches all appear to result in learning gains, we find that a significant investment of course time is required to enable students to show gains commensurate to a summer research experience. An alumni survey revealed that time spent on a research project is also a significant factor in the value former students assign to the experience one or more years later. We conclude: 1) implementation of a bioinformatics project within the biology curriculum provides a mechanism for successfully engaging large numbers of students in undergraduate research; 2) benefits to students are achievable at a wide variety of academic institutions; and 3) successful implementation of course-based research experiences requires significant investment of instructional time for students to gain full benefit.

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          Most cited references62

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          Evolution of genes and genomes on the Drosophila phylogeny.

          Comparative analysis of multiple genomes in a phylogenetic framework dramatically improves the precision and sensitivity of evolutionary inference, producing more robust results than single-genome analyses can provide. The genomes of 12 Drosophila species, ten of which are presented here for the first time (sechellia, simulans, yakuba, erecta, ananassae, persimilis, willistoni, mojavensis, virilis and grimshawi), illustrate how rates and patterns of sequence divergence across taxa can illuminate evolutionary processes on a genomic scale. These genome sequences augment the formidable genetic tools that have made Drosophila melanogaster a pre-eminent model for animal genetics, and will further catalyse fundamental research on mechanisms of development, cell biology, genetics, disease, neurobiology, behaviour, physiology and evolution. Despite remarkable similarities among these Drosophila species, we identified many putatively non-neutral changes in protein-coding genes, non-coding RNA genes, and cis-regulatory regions. These may prove to underlie differences in the ecology and behaviour of these diverse species.
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            Undergraduate research experiences support science career decisions and active learning.

            The present study examined the reliability of student evaluations of summer undergraduate research experiences using the SURE (Survey of Undergraduate Research Experiences) and a follow-up survey disseminated 9 mo later. The survey further examines the hypothesis that undergraduate research enhances the educational experience of science undergraduates, attracts and retains talented students to careers in science, and acts as a pathway for minority students into science careers. Undergraduates participated in an online survey on the benefits of undergraduate research experiences. Participants indicated gains on 20 potential benefits and reported on career plans. Most of the participants began or continued to plan for postgraduate education in the sciences. A small group of students who discontinued their plans for postgraduate science education reported significantly lower gains than continuing students. Women and men reported similar levels of benefits and similar patterns of career plans. Undergraduate researchers from underrepresented groups reported higher learning gains than comparison students. The results replicated previously reported data from this survey. The follow-up survey indicated that students reported gains in independence, intrinsic motivation to learn, and active participation in courses taken after the summer undergraduate research experience.
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              Survey of Undergraduate Research Experiences (SURE): first findings.

              In this study, I examined the hypothesis that undergraduate research enhances the educational experience of science undergraduates, attracts and retains talented students to careers in science, and acts as a pathway for minority students into science careers. Undergraduates from 41 institutions participated in an online survey on the benefits of undergraduate research experiences. Participants indicated gains on 20 potential benefits and reported on career plans. Over 83% of 1,135 participants began or continued to plan for postgraduate education in the sciences. A group of 51 students who discontinued their plans for postgraduate science education reported significantly lower gains than continuing students. Women and men reported similar levels of benefits and similar patterns of career plans. Ethnic groups did not significantly differ in reported levels of benefits or plans to continue with postgraduate education.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Monitoring Editor
                Journal
                CBE Life Sci Educ
                CBE-LSE
                CBE-LSE
                CBE-LSE
                CBE Life Sciences Education
                American Society for Cell Biology
                1931-7913
                1931-7913
                Spring 2014
                : 13
                : 1
                : 111-130
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
                [84 ]Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
                [2 ]Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood University, Farmville, VA 23909
                [3 ]Chemistry Department, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO 63301
                [5 ]Science Department, Cabrini College, Radnor, PA 19087
                [6 ]Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93405
                [7 ]Department of Biology, Linfield College, McMinnville, OR 97128
                [8 ]Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057
                [9 ]Biology Department, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA 23943
                [10 ]Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588
                [12 ]Biology Department, Worcester State University, Worcester, MA 01602
                [13 ]Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439
                [14 ]Department of Biology, Adams State University, Alamosa, CO 81101
                [16 ]Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Johnson C. Smith University, Charlotte, NC 28216
                [17 ]Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19131
                [18 ]Departments of Biomedical Sciences & Cell and Molecular Biology, Grand Valley State, Allendale, MI 49401
                [19 ]Department of Biology, Saint Mary's College of California, Moraga, CA 94556
                [20 ]Department of Biology, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL 32514
                [21 ]Technology Leadership & Innovation Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
                [22 ]Department of Biology, Calvin College, Grand Rapids, MI 49546
                [23 ]Department of Biology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549
                [24 ]Department of Biology & Molecular Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043
                [25 ]Department of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507
                [26 ]Department of Biology, University of the Cumberlands, Williamsburg, KY 40769
                [27 ]Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, MA 01002
                [28 ]Department of Biological Sciences, Mount Holyoke, South Hadley, MA 01075
                [29 ]Biology Department, University of St. Thomas, Houston, TX 77006
                [30 ]Grove School of Engineering, New York, NY 10031
                [31 ]Biology Department, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031
                [32 ]Biology Department, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH 44074
                [34 ]Biology Department, Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA 18104
                [35 ]Department of Bioinformatics, St. Edwards University, Austin, TX 78704
                [36 ]Department of Biology, Pomona College, Claremont, CA 91711
                [37 ]Department of Biological Sciences, Lock Haven University of Pennsylvania, Lock Haven, PA 17745
                [38 ]Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052
                [39 ]Department of Biological Sciences, Moravian College, Bethlehem, PA 18018
                [40 ]Department of Biology, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA 18701
                [41 ]Biology Department, Luther College, Decorah, IA 52101
                [42 ]Biology Department, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707
                [43 ]Department of Natural Sciences, Cardinal Stritch University, Milwaukee, WI 53217
                [44 ]Department of Biology, Utah Valley University, Orem, UT 84058
                [45 ]Department of Biology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA 90045
                [47 ]Department of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639
                [48 ]Biology Department, Simmons College, Boston, MA 02115
                [63 ]Department of Chemistry, Simmons College, Boston, MA 02115
                [49 ]Biology Department, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, TX 78209
                [50 ]Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez, Mayaguez, PR 00680
                [51 ]Department of Biology, York College–City University of New York, Jamaica, NY 11451
                [52 ]Division of Biological Sciences, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
                [53 ]Department of Biology and
                [54 ]Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013
                [55 ]Biology Department, Macalester College, St. Paul, MN 55105
                [56 ]Department of Biology, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, IN 46556
                [57 ]Biology Department, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157
                [58 ]Department of Biology, Suffolk University, Boston, MA 02108
                [59 ]Department of Biological Sciences, Webster University, Webster Groves, MO 63119
                [60 ]Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401
                [61 ]Department of Biology, California Lutheran University, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360
                [62 ]Department of Biology, Agnes Scott College, Decatur, GA 30030
                [64 ]Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Cayey, Cayey, PR 00736
                [65 ]Department of Biology, Albion College, Albion, MI 49224
                [66 ]Department of Biology, Webster University, St. Louis, MO 63119
                [67 ]Department of Natural Sciences, LaGuardia Community College, Long Island City, NY 11101
                [69 ]Department of Biology, New Mexico Highlands University, Las Vegas, NM 87701
                [70 ]Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623
                [71 ]Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132
                [72 ]Department of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411
                [73 ]Department of Biology, Arcadia University, Glenside, PA 19038
                [74 ]Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
                [75 ]Department of Biology, William Woods University, Fulton, MO 65251
                [76 ]Science and Environmental Policy, California State University–Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA 93955
                [77 ]Department of Biology, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722
                [78 ]Biology Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106
                [79 ]Department of Biology, Denison University, Granville, OH 43023
                [80 ]Department of Biology, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187
                [81 ]Department of Biology, California State University–Stanislaus, Turlock, CA 95382
                [82 ]Department of Health Information Management, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
                [83 ]Genome Institute, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108
                [85 ]Department of Psychology, Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA 50112
                Author notes
                Address correspondence to: Christopher D. Shaffer ( shaffer@ 123456biology.wustl.edu ).
                Article
                CBE-13-08-0152
                10.1187/cbe-13-08-0152
                3940452
                24591510
                39d6d429-3b3c-49d8-a207-613b32e44b7e
                © 2014 C. D. Shaffer et al. CBE—Life Sciences Education © 2014 The American Society for Cell Biology. This article is distributed by The American Society for Cell Biology under license from the author(s). It is available to the public under an Attribution—Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported Creative Commons License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0).

                “ASCB®” and “The American Society for Cell Biology®” are registered trademarks of The American Society of Cell Biology.

                History
                : 21 August 2013
                : 21 October 2013
                : 30 October 2013
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                March 3, 2014

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