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      Los disruptores endocrinos no parece que se asocien con el autismo o la discapacidad intelectual Translated title: Endocrine disrupting chemicals do not seem to be related with autism spectrum disorder or intellectual disability

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          Abstract

          Conclusiones de los autores del estudio: los análisis no sugieren una relación entre el autismo o la discapacidad intelectual con ninguno de los 25 compuestos químicos analizados. Comentario de los revisores: con este modelo probabilístico bayesiano, los autores reducen, por el momento, la alarma sobre la relación entre los principales disruptores endocrinos y los trastornos del espectro autista o discapacidad intelectual, al no demostrarse la asociación que mostraban estudios previos con análisis "frecuentistas". Es un resultado importante dada la preocupación general sobre los efectos de estos contaminantes universales.

          Translated abstract

          Authors' conclusions: our mixtures analysis does not suggest an independent relationship of autism spectrum disorder or intellectual disability with any of the 25 chemicals examined together in this mixtures analysis. Reviewers' commentary: with this Bayesian probabilistic model, the authors clear up, at this moment, the uncertainty about the relationship between the main endocrine disruptors and autism spectrum disorders or intellectual disability, as the association shown in previous studies with "frequentist" analyzes is not demonstrated. It is an important result given the general concern about the effects of these universal pollutants.

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          Most cited references5

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          Elucidating the links between endocrine disruptors and neurodevelopment.

          Recent data indicate that approximately 12% of children in the United States are affected by neurodevelopmental disorders, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, learning disorders, intellectual disabilities, and autism spectrum disorders. Accumulating evidence indicates a multifactorial etiology for these disorders, with social, physical, genetic susceptibility, nutritional factors, and chemical toxicants acting together to influence risk. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals during the early stages of life can disrupt normal patterns of development and thus alter brain function and disease susceptibility later in life. This article highlights research efforts and pinpoints approaches that could shed light on the possible associations between environmental chemicals that act on the endocrine system and compromised neurodevelopmental outcomes.
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            Prenatal Maternal Serum Concentrations of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Association with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability

            Background: Emerging work has examined neurodevelopmental outcomes following prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), but few studies have assessed associations with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Objectives: Our objective was to estimate associations of maternal prenatal PFAS concentrations with ASD and intellectual disability (ID) in children. Methods: Participants were from a population-based nested case–control study of children born from 2000 to 2003 in southern California, including children diagnosed with ASD ( n = 553 ), ID without autism ( n = 189 ), and general population (GP) controls ( n = 433 ). Concentrations of eight PFAS from stored maternal sera collected at 15–19 wk gestational age were quantified and compared among study groups. We used logistic regression to obtain adjusted odds ratios for the association between prenatal PFAS concentrations (parameterized continuously and as quartiles) and ASD versus GP controls, and separately for ID versus GP controls. Results: Geometric mean concentrations of most PFAS were lower in ASD and ID groups relative to GP controls. ASD was not significantly associated with prenatal concentrations of most PFAS, though significant inverse associations were found for perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) [adjusted ORs for the highest vs. lowest quartiles 0.62 (95% CI: 0.41, 0.93) and 0.64 (95% CI: 0.43, 0.97), respectively]. Results for ID were similar. Conclusions: Results from this large case–control study with prospectively collected prenatal measurements do not support the hypothesis that prenatal exposure to PFAS is positively associated with ASD or ID. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1830
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              Prenatal Serum Concentrations of Brominated Flame Retardants and Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability in the Early Markers of Autism Study: A Population-Based Case–Control Study in California

              Background: Prior studies suggest neurodevelopmental impacts of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), but few have examined diagnosed developmental disorders. Objectives: Our aim was to determine whether prenatal exposure to brominated flame retardants (BFRs) is associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or intellectual disability without autism (ID). Methods: We conducted a population-based case–control study including children with ASD ( n = 545 ) and ID ( n = 181 ) identified from the California Department of Developmental Services and general population (GP) controls ( n = 418 ) from state birth certificates. ASD cases were matched to controls by sex, birth month, and birth year. Concentrations of 10 BFRs were measured in maternal second trimester serum samples stored from routine screening. Logistic regression was used to calculate crude and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) for associations with ASD, and separately for ID, compared with GP controls, by quartiles of analyte concentrations in primary analyses. Results: Geometric mean concentrations of five of the six congeners with ≥ 55 % of samples above the limit of detection were lower in mothers of children with ASD or ID than in controls. In adjusted analyses, inverse associations with several congeners were found for ASD relative to GP (e.g., quartile 4 vs. 1, BDE-153: AOR = 0.56 , 95% CI: 0.38, 0.84). When stratified by child sex (including 99 females with ASD, 77 with ID, and 73 with GP), estimates were consistent with overall analyses in boys, but in the opposite direction among girls, particularly for BDE-28 and -47 ( AOR = 2.58 , 95% CI: 0.86, 7.79 and AOR = 2.64 , 95% CI: 0.97, 7.19, respectively). Similar patterns overall and by sex were observed for ID. Conclusions: Contrary to expectation, higher PBDE concentrations were associated with decreased odds of ASD and ID, though not in girls. These findings require confirmation but suggest potential sexual dimorphism in associations with prenatal exposure to BFRs. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1079
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                pap
                Pediatría Atención Primaria
                Rev Pediatr Aten Primaria
                Asociación Española de Pediatría de Atención Primaria (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1139-7632
                June 2020
                : 22
                : 86
                : 207-209
                Affiliations
                [1] Colmenar Viejo. Madrid. orgnameCentro de Salud Colmenar Viejo Norte España
                [2] Madrid orgnameCentro de Salud Barrio del Pilar España
                Article
                S1139-76322020000300016 S1139-7632(20)02208600016
                39e7f310-47fa-4b54-a560-6e7c609c2542

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

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                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 5, Pages: 3
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                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Pediatría Basada en la Evidencia

                Disruptores endocrinos,Análisis bayesiano,Autismo,Endocrine disruptors,Bayesian analysis,Autism

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