Swimming Speed of The Breaststroke Kick

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Abstract

The breaststroke kick is responsible for a considerable portion of the forward propulsion in breaststroke swimming. The aim of this study was to measure selected anthropometric variables and functional properties of a swimmer’s body: length of body parts; functional range of motion in the leg joints and anaerobic power of the lower limbs. Chosen kinematic variables useful in the evaluation of swimming performance in the breaststroke kick were evaluated. In the present research, swimming speed using breaststroke kicks depended to the largest extent on anaerobic endurance (0.46, p < 0.05 partial correlations with age control). In addition, knee external rotation and swimming technique index had an impact on swimming speed and kick length (both partial correlations with age control 0.35, p < 0.08). A kinematic analysis of the breaststroke kick hip displacement compatible with horizontal body displacement was significantly negatively correlated with foot slip in the water opposite to body displacement (partial correlations: with leg length control −0.43, p < 0.05; with shank length control −0.45, p < 0.05, respectively). Present research and measurements of selected body properties, physical endurance and kinematic movement analysis may help in making a precise determination of an athlete’s talent for breaststroke swimming.

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Most cited references 13

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Tethered swimming forces in the crawl, breast and back strokes and their relationship to competitive performance.

Megan M. White, R Yeater, Kathryn Martin … (1980)

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On-water and dryland vertical jump in water polo players.

T Platanou (2005)

The performance of the vertical jump constitutes a fundamental technical ability in many team sports, including water polo. The purpose of the present study was therefore twofold: firstly, to evaluate the ability of water polo players to move their bodies vertically off the water (on-water vertical jump), and secondly, to determine on the same players their lower bodies' explosive power ability, while performing a vertical jump on dry-land (dry-land vertical jump). We also investigated whether the performance of the on-water vertical jump depends on the position of the players in the game and on competition. Forty-three water polo players, were tested on-water and on dry-land. The on-water vertical jump was assessed using a board with a centimeter scale attached on it. A video camera that was placed facing the board was used to record the trials of the players. The mean value of the on-water vertical jump was 68.3+/-4.6 cm, whereas the mean value of the dry-land vertical jump was 49.6+/-6.5 cm. The coefficient between the 2 jumps was very low (r=0.25). Significant differences between the 2 jumps according to the players' positions and to their level of competitiveness were found. The performance of the on-water vertical jump correlates poorly with the explosive ability of the lower body as that which was assessed by the dry-land vertical jump. Furthermore, the ability to move the body vertically on-water differs significantly among players, depending on their position and on the level of competitiveness.

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Arm-leg coordination in recreational and competitive breaststroke swimmers.

Hugues Leblanc, Ludovic Seifert, Didier Chollet (2009)

The aims of this study were to assess the durations of the different arm and leg stroke phases (propulsion, glide, and recovery) and the temporal arm-leg gaps between 12 competitive and 12 recreational breaststroke swimmers. The mean ages and best times for a 50-m breaststroke were, respectively, (recreational: 16.9+/-1.6 y; 49.55+/-3.38 s; competitive: 16.2+/-1.5 y; 33.85+/-1.96 s). Each swimmer was required to swim 2 x 25-m breaststroke at two different paces (slow and sprint) while being videotaped by two underwater cameras (frontal and lateral views). At the same given speed, recreational swimmers used no glide phase which increased the relative contribution of their recovery and propulsive phases. This was mainly caused by the superposition of their leg extension and the second part of their arm recovery, indicating a technique with no glide time between the arm recovery and the leg extension. In terms of phase duration, the recreational swimmers spent more time in arm recovery and in propulsive phases. Furthermore, it was observed that for a comparable increase of swimming speed (recreational: 23.3%, competitive: 22.6%), competitors switched from a glide to an overlapped coordination while recreational swimmers adopted an overlapped technique whatever the swimming speed. As a result, the relative time spent in propulsive phases did not change in the recreational group, but increased by 27.2% in the competitive one. In a swimming developmental program, particular emphasis should be put on arm-leg coordination drills, when considering the breaststroke.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Hum Kinet

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Hum Kinet

Journal ID (publisher-id): JHK

Title: Journal of Human Kinetics

Publisher: Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego w Katowicach

ISSN (Print): 1640-5544

ISSN (Electronic): 1899-7562

Publication date Collection: December 2012

Publication date (Electronic): 30 December 2012

Volume: 35

Pages: 133-139

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Theory and Methodology of Water Sports, University School of Physical Education, Cracow, Poland.

[2 ]Department of Physiotherapy Faculty of Motor Rehabilitation University School of Physical Education, Cracow.

[3 ]Department of Theory and Methodology of Water Sports, University School of Physical Education, Cracow, Poland.

[4 ]Department of Physiotherapy Faculty of Motor Rehabilitation University School of Physical Education, Cracow, Poland.

[5 ]Department of Theory and Methodology of Water Sports, University School of Physical Education, Cracow, Poland.

[6 ]Department of Sports Theory, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland.

[7 ]Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University School of Physical Education, Cracow, Poland.

Author notes

Authors submitted their contribution of the article to the editorial board.

Corresponding author: Marek Strzała, Al. Jana Pawła II 78, 31-571 Kraków, Phone: 0048 126831102, E-mail: marek.strzala@ 123456awf.krakow.pl , marekstrzala@ 123456o2.pl

Article

Publisher ID: jhk-35-133

DOI: 10.2478/v10078-012-0087-4

PMC ID: 3588692

PubMed ID: 23486737

SO-VID: 39ee5854-4da3-4ff3-bf9a-71483cc15bf9

License:

This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

Swimming Speed of The Breaststroke Kick

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Most cited references 13

Tethered swimming forces in the crawl, breast and back strokes and their relationship to competitive performance.

On-water and dryland vertical jump in water polo players.

Arm-leg coordination in recreational and competitive breaststroke swimmers.

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