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      Comment on: Sciatica in the Young

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          Abstract

          This letter is written in response to a note recently published regarding to the case report entitled "sciatica in a five year old boy" by Omidi-Kashani et al. [1] which had been published in June 2014 issue in the "Asian Spine Journal" [1]. We agree with the authors in that pediatric sciatica is commonly caused by lumbar disc herniation, although apophyseal ring fracture may even be more prevalent in this age group, despite the fact that both have very low incidences and are infrequently encountered in the literature [2,3]. Another important point worth mentioning regarding pediatric sciatica, is the lower incidences of secondary neurologic deficits due to increased resilience of the neural tissue in pediatric patients. This resilience often makes physical findings usually seen in adult patients such as muscular weakness, paresthesias, or impaired reflexes less pronounced thus limiting the exam where a positive straight leg raising may be the only positive finding [4]. Lastly, it is important that spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis are also kept in mind before considering the more unusual causes, especially in this young population [5].

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          A review of current treatment of lumbar posterior ring apophysis fracture with lumbar disc herniation.

          Lumbar posterior ring apophysis fracture (PRAF) is an uncommon disorder frequently accompanied by lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Over the years, there have constantly been published studies concerning this disorder. Due to its rarity, there is lack of an agreed treatment strategy, and lots of different opinions exist, including the choice of decompressive modalities, whether removal of apophyseal fragments or/and disc material, and the necessity of additional spinal fusion. The purpose of this review is to provide a collective opinion on the treatment of PRAF with LDH.
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            Unilateral partial hemilaminectomy for disc removal in a 1-year-old child.

            Intravertebral disc herniation is common in adults, often due to degenerative processes. The occurrence of disc herniation is rare in children and is usually related to traumatic injury. The authors present an unusual case of a 13-month-old boy with L5-S1 lumbar disc herniation. The disc was removed via a unilateral partial hemilaminectomy approach, sparing the spinal midline structural elements. Although rare, lumbar disc herniation should be in the differential diagnosis for children presenting with low-back pain and/or neurological deficit of the lower limbs.
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              Adolescent disc protrusions. A long-term follow-up of surgery compared to chymopapain.

              This study compared chymopapain with primary surgery in the treatment of 60 radiologically proven adolescent lumbar disc protrusions and symptoms of low back pain and sciatica; the failures of intradiscal therapy were treated by surgical discectomy. To establish whether chymopapain is as good as primary surgery in treating adolescents with proven lumbar disc protrusions. Symptomatic lumbar disc protrusions are rare in white adolescents; the reported incidence varies from 0.8% to 3.2% of all lumbar disc protrusions. This is the largest study with long-term follow-up in the world literature. Forty-two patients between the ages of 13 and 19 years with proven lumbar disc protrusions were initially treated with chymopapain; the failures of intradiscal therapy were treated by surgical discectomy. Eighteen patients were treated with surgical discectomy. After initial review at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, the patients were assessed using a postal questionnaire and telephone interview at a minimum of 5 years' follow-up (means: 8.5 years for chymopapain group, 7.2 years for surgery group). Full replies were received from 16 of 18 (89%) in the surgery group and 42 of 42 (100%) in the chymopapain group. The long-term outcome is classed as good or excellent in 81% of the surgical group and 64% in the chymopapain group. If chymopapain is used as a first-line treatment, with surgery reserved for the failures, the long-term outcome is good or excellent in 82%. The chymopapain group had a shorter hospital stay. The surgical group were more likely to be unemployed and were less able to perform manual work and less able to engage in sporting activity. Back pain, radicular pain, and tension signs are common, but neurologic signs are less frequent in this age group. Long-term results of surgery are no better than the results of first-line chymopapain treatment with surgery being reserved for the failures. In 60% to 70% of patients, the morbidity, cost, and hospital stay were lessened. The patient is more likely to be in satisfactory employment after chemonucleolysis than after primary surgery.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Asian Spine J
                Asian Spine J
                ASJ
                Asian Spine Journal
                Korean Society of Spine Surgery
                1976-1902
                1976-7846
                October 2014
                18 October 2014
                : 8
                : 5
                : 704
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Orthopedic Department, Orthopedic Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
                [2 ]Occupational Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Farzad Omidi-Kashani. Orthopedic Research Center, Orthopedic Department, Imam Reza Hospital, Imam Reza Square, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Tel: +98-915-514-9248, Fax: +98-51-3859-5023, omidif@ 123456mums.ac.ir
                Article
                10.4184/asj.2014.8.5.704
                4206825
                39f869e6-2a24-4c66-825f-c380b4f611ee
                Copyright © 2014 by Korean Society of Spine Surgery

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 10 September 2014
                : 10 September 2014
                Categories
                Letter to the Editor

                Orthopedics
                Orthopedics

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