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      Impact of 68Ga-PSMA-PET imaging on target volume definition and guidelines in radiation oncology - a patterns of failure analysis in patients with primary diagnosis of prostate cancer

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          Abstract

          Background

          68Ga-PSMA-PET-imaging has proven to be a highly sensitive and specific diagnostic element for patients with prostate cancer (PC). Does the standard clinical target volume (CTV) cover the majority of 68Ga-PSMA-PET detected lymph nodes (LNs) in a primary setting?

          Methods

          25 out of 159 patients with primary PC who underwent 68Ga-PSMA-PET-imaging were analyzed in the process of this study. These 25 high-risk patients had a total of 126 LNs with positive 68Ga-PSMA-ligand uptake. A standard CTV according to the ‘Radiation Therapy Oncology Group’ consensus was delineated and LNs were judged whether they were in- or outside of this target volume. With a Pearson correlation we additionally evaluated whether the Gleason score, the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value or the risk according to the Roach formula correlate with a higher chance of LNs being outside of the CTV in uncommon LN locations.

          Results

          81 (64.3%) of 126 LNs were covered by the CTV with a complete coverage of all positive LNs inside the respective radiation volume in 11 of 25 patients (44%). LNs that were not covered by the CTV included (para-aortic,) common-iliac, pre-sacral, obturatoric, para-rectal, para-vesical and pre-acetabular locations. In a statistical analysis neither the Gleason score, nor the PSA value, nor the calculated risk with the Roach formula correlated with LNs being inside or outside of the CTV in this patient group.

          Conclusion

          68Ga-PSMA-PET-imaging proves to be a valuable asset for patients and physicians for primary diagnosis and treatment planning. In our study, trusting the RTOG consensus for CTV delineation would have led to up to 35.7% of all LNs not to be included in the clinical radiation volume, which might have resulted in insufficient radiation dose coverage.

          Zusammenfassung

          Zielsetzung

          Die 68Ga-PSMA-PET Bildgebung hat in den letzten Jahren gezeigt, dass sie eine hoch-sensitive und spezifische diagnostische Möglichkeit für Patienten mit Prostatakarzinom (PK) bietet. In dieser Arbeit wird untersucht, welcher Teil der entdeckten Lymphknoten (LK), in dem nach ‘Radiation Therapy Oncology Group’ (RTOG) empfohlenem Standard “clinical target volume” (CTV) Bestrahlungsfeld, enthalten ist.

          Material & Methoden

          Von 159 Patienten mit 68Ga-PSMA-PET untersuchten Patienten erfüllten 25 die Einschlusskriterien und wurden untersucht im Rahmen dieser Studie. Bei den 25 untersuchten Patienten wurden insgesamt 126 LK mittels 68Ga-PSMA-PET detekiert. Diese LK wurden eingeteilt ob sie innerhalb oder außerhalb des Standard Lymphabflusses nach RTOG lagen. Bei der statistischen Auswertung untersuchten wir mit Hilfe einer Pearson Korrelation ob der Gleason-score (GS), die Höhe des prostataspezifischen Antigens (PSA) oder das nach Roach kalkulierte Risiko (RR) des LK-Befalls mit der Wahrscheinlichkeit korrelierten ob entsprechende LK innerhalb oder außerhalb des CTV lagen.

          Ergebnisse

          81 (64.3%) von 126 LK waren durch das CTV abgedeckt, bei 11 (44%) von 25 Patienten waren alle LK im CTV enthalten. Nicht abgedeckte LK waren paraaortal, im Bereich der Aa. iliacae com., präsakral, obturatorisch, pararektal, paravesikal und präacetabulär lokalisiert. Weder der GS, der PSA noch das RR korrelierten signifikant mit der Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass LK außerhalb des CTV lagen in dieser Patientengruppe.

          Schlussfolgerung

          Die 68Ga-PSMA-PET-Bildgebung liefert auch in der primären Bestrahlungsplanung wertvolle Information. Bei unserer Untersuchung waren 35.7% der LK nicht im RTOG CTV abgedeckt, was potentiell zu einer insuffizienten Dosisabdeckung geführt hätte.

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          Most cited references1

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          Predicting the risk of lymph node involvement using the pre-treatment prostate specific antigen and gleason score in men with clinically localized prostate cancer

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            Author and article information

            Contributors
            kilian.schiller@mri.tum.de
            michal.devecka@mri.tum.de
            tobias.maurer@mri.tum.de
            juergen.gschwend@mri.tum.de
            markus.schwaiger@mri.tum.de
            stephanieelisabeth.combs@mri.tum.de
            gregor.habl@mri.tum.de
            Journal
            Radiat Oncol
            Radiat Oncol
            Radiation Oncology (London, England)
            BioMed Central (London )
            1748-717X
            1 March 2018
            1 March 2018
            2018
            : 13
            : 36
            Affiliations
            [1 ]ISNI 0000000123222966, GRID grid.6936.a, Department of Radiation Oncology, , Technical University of Munich (TUM), ; Munich, Germany
            [2 ]ISNI 0000000123222966, GRID grid.6936.a, Department of Urology, , Technical University Munich (TUM), ; Munich, Germany
            [3 ]ISNI 0000000123222966, GRID grid.6936.a, Department of Nuclear Medicine, , Technical University Munich (TUM), ; Munich, Germany
            [4 ]Institute of Innovative Radiotherapy (iRT), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum, Munich, Germany
            [5 ]Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK) Partner Site Munich, Heidelberg, Germany
            Author information
            http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9371-0391
            Article
            977
            10.1186/s13014-018-0977-2
            5831712
            29490670
            3a23d52b-ea37-4406-a98a-5b19a5fe342f
            © The Author(s). 2018

            Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

            History
            : 7 November 2017
            : 15 February 2018
            Categories
            Research
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            © The Author(s) 2018

            Oncology & Radiotherapy
            Oncology & Radiotherapy

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