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      Water Exchange Across the Blood-Brain Barrier in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: An MRI Diffusion-Weighted Pseudo-Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling Study

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          Abstract

          Background and Purpose

          Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) subjects show brain injury in sites that control autonomic, cognitive, and mood functions that are deficient in the condition. The processes contributing to injury may include altered blood-brain barrier (BBB) actions. Our aim was to examine BBB function, based on diffusion-weighted pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (DW-pCASL) procedures, in OSA compared to controls.

          Methods

          We performed DW-pCASL imaging in 9 OSA and 9 controls on a 3.0-Tesla MRI scanner. Global mean gray and white matter arterial transient time (ATT, an index of large artery integrity), water exchange rate across the BBB (Kw, BBB function), DW-pCASL ratio, and cerebral blood flow (CBF) values were compared between OSA and control subjects.

          Results

          Global mean gray and white matter ATT (OSA vs controls; gray matter, 1.691±0.120 vs 1.658±0.109 sec, p=0.49; white matter, 1.700±0.115 vs 1.650±0.114 sec, p=0.44), and CBF values (gray matter, 57.4±15.8 vs 58.2±10.7 ml/100g/min, p=0.67; white matter, 24.2±7.0 vs 24.6±6.7 ml/100g/min, p=0.91) did not differ significantly, but global gray and white matter Kw (gray matter, 158.0±28.9 vs 220.8±40.6 min −1, p=0.002; white matter, 177.5±57.2 vs 261.1±51.0 min −1, p=0.006), and DW-pCASL ratio (gray matter, 0.727±0.076 vs 0.823±0.069, p=0.011; white matter, 0.722±0.144 vs 0.888±0.100, p=0.004) values were significantly reduced in OSA over controls.

          Conclusions

          OSA subjects show compromised BBB function, but intact large artery integrity. The BBB alterations may introduce neural damage contributing to abnormal functions in OSA, and suggest a need to repair BBB function with strategies commonly used in other fields.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          9102705
          2005
          J Neuroimaging
          J Neuroimaging
          Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging
          1051-2284
          1552-6569
          4 August 2015
          29 August 2015
          November 2015
          01 November 2016
          : 25
          : 6
          : 900-905
          Affiliations
          [a ]Department of Anesthesiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
          [b ]Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
          [c ]Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
          [d ]UCLA School of Nursing, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
          [e ]Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
          [f ]Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
          [g ]Department of Neurobiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
          [h ]Brain Research Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
          [i ]Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
          Author notes
          [* ]Address for Correspondence: Rajesh Kumar, PhD, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 56-132 CHS, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1763, USA, Tel: 310-206-6133; 310-206-1679, Fax: 310-825-2236, rkumar@ 123456mednet.ucla.edu
          [#]

          Equal contribution

          Article
          PMC4562408 PMC4562408 4562408 nihpa712185
          10.1111/jon.12288
          4562408
          26333175
          3a32dc73-eb30-4617-8451-bbb750620aa2
          History
          Categories
          Article

          Autonomic control,Magnetic resonance imaging,Pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling,Arterial transient time

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