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      Intrauterine and early postnatal exposure to outdoor air pollution and lung function at preschool age.

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          Abstract

          Effects of prenatal and postnatal exposure to air pollution on lung function at preschool age remain unexplored. We examined the association of exposure to air pollution during specific trimesters of pregnancy and postnatal life with lung function in preschoolers.

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          Most cited references28

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          Development of Land Use Regression models for PM(2.5), PM(2.5) absorbance, PM(10) and PM(coarse) in 20 European study areas; results of the ESCAPE project.

          Marloes Eeftens, Rob Beelen, Kees de Hoogh … (2012)
          Land Use Regression (LUR) models have been used increasingly for modeling small-scale spatial variation in air pollution concentrations and estimating individual exposure for participants of cohort studies. Within the ESCAPE project, concentrations of PM(2.5), PM(2.5) absorbance, PM(10), and PM(coarse) were measured in 20 European study areas at 20 sites per area. GIS-derived predictor variables (e.g., traffic intensity, population, and land-use) were evaluated to model spatial variation of annual average concentrations for each study area. The median model explained variance (R(2)) was 71% for PM(2.5) (range across study areas 35-94%). Model R(2) was higher for PM(2.5) absorbance (median 89%, range 56-97%) and lower for PM(coarse) (median 68%, range 32- 81%). Models included between two and five predictor variables, with various traffic indicators as the most common predictors. Lower R(2) was related to small concentration variability or limited availability of predictor variables, especially traffic intensity. Cross validation R(2) results were on average 8-11% lower than model R(2). Careful selection of monitoring sites, examination of influential observations and skewed variable distributions were essential for developing stable LUR models. The final LUR models are used to estimate air pollution concentrations at the home addresses of participants in the health studies involved in ESCAPE.
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            Development of NO2 and NOx land use regression models for estimating air pollution exposure in 36 study areas in Europe – The ESCAPE project

            Rob Beelen, Gerard Hoek, Danielle Vienneau … (2013)
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              Effect of exposure to traffic on lung development from 10 to 18 years of age: a cohort study.

              Frank D. Gilliland, Michael Jerrett, W. Gauderman … (2007)
              Whether local exposure to major roadways adversely affects lung-function growth during the period of rapid lung development that takes place between 10 and 18 years of age is unknown. This study investigated the association between residential exposure to traffic and 8-year lung-function growth. In this prospective study, 3677 children (mean age 10 years [SD 0.44]) participated from 12 southern California communities that represent a wide range in regional air quality. Children were followed up for 8 years, with yearly lung-function measurements recorded. For each child, we identified several indicators of residential exposure to traffic from large roads. Regression analysis was used to establish whether 8-year growth in lung function was associated with local traffic exposure, and whether local traffic effects were independent of regional air quality. Children who lived within 500 m of a freeway (motorway) had substantial deficits in 8-year growth of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1), -81 mL, p=0.01 [95% CI -143 to -18]) and maximum midexpiratory flow rate (MMEF, -127 mL/s, p=0.03 [-243 to -11), compared with children who lived at least 1500 m from a freeway. Joint models showed that both local exposure to freeways and regional air pollution had detrimental, and independent, effects on lung-function growth. Pronounced deficits in attained lung function at age 18 years were recorded for those living within 500 m of a freeway, with mean percent-predicted 97.0% for FEV1 (p=0.013, relative to >1500 m [95% CI 94.6-99.4]) and 93.4% for MMEF (p=0.006 [95% CI 89.1-97.7]). Local exposure to traffic on a freeway has adverse effects on children's lung development, which are independent of regional air quality, and which could result in important deficits in attained lung function in later life.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Thorax
                Title: Thorax
                Publisher: BMJ
                ISSN (Electronic): 1468-3296
                ISSN (Print): 0040-6376
                Publication date (Electronic): Jan 2015
                Volume: 70
                Issue: 1
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
                [2 ] Unit of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy, Hospital de Sabadell, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Catalonia, Spain.
                [3 ] CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain Health Research Institute Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
                [4 ] Health Research Institute Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain.
                [5 ] Health Research Institute Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain Department of Environment and Regional Planning, Basque Government, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
                [6 ] Department of Pediatrics, Hospital de Zumárraga, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: thoraxjnl-2014-205413
                DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-205413
                PubMed ID: 25331281
                SO-VID: 3a355a75-bd0a-46f0-9aea-a521ef259765
                Copyright © Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.
                History

                Keywords: Lung Physiology,Paediatric Lung Disaese,Respiratory Measurement
                Data availability:
                Keywords: Lung Physiology, Paediatric Lung Disaese, Respiratory Measurement

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