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      SARS-CoV-2 y aparato digestivo Translated title: SARS-CoV-2 and digestive system

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          Abstract

          Resumen Desde la aparición de los primeros casos en diciembre de 2019 hasta el momento actual, más de tres millones de personas se han infectado por SARS-CoV-2 en el mundo. Los síntomas más frecuentes son fiebre, tos, mialgias y dificultad respiratoria. No obstante, al progresar la pandemia, se ha prestado una atención creciente a los síntomas gastrointestinales. Entre ellos, destacan hiporexia, náuseas, vómitos y diarrea. También puede haber hipertransaminasemia. Desde el punto de vista digestivo, cabe tener en cuenta que ciertas patologías crónicas, como la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal, pueden beneficiarse de ciertas modificaciones en cuanto a tratamiento se refiere. Por último, cabe reflejar que ha de extremarse la precaución durante la realización de endoscopias. En esta revisión se ahonda en todos estos aspectos.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract From the beginning of the pandemic to the current moment, more than three million people have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the world. The most frequent symptoms are fever, cough, myalgia and respiratory distress. However, as the pandemic progresses, more gastrointestinal symptoms have been notified. Among them, hiporexia, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. There may also be hipertransaminasemia. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease may be benefited by certain treatment modifications. Caution should be exercised during endoscopies. All of these topics are discussed in this review.

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          Most cited references21

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          The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak

          Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-COV2 and represents the causative agent of a potentially fatal disease that is of great global public health concern. Based on the large number of infected people that were exposed to the wet animal market in Wuhan City, China, it is suggested that this is likely the zoonotic origin of COVID-19. Person-to-person transmission of COVID-19 infection led to the isolation of patients that were subsequently administered a variety of treatments. Extensive measures to reduce person-to-person transmission of COVID-19 have been implemented to control the current outbreak. Special attention and efforts to protect or reduce transmission should be applied in susceptible populations including children, health care providers, and elderly people. In this review, we highlights the symptoms, epidemiology, transmission, pathogenesis, phylogenetic analysis and future directions to control the spread of this fatal disease.
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            Systematic review of COVID‐19 in children shows milder cases and a better prognosis than adults

            Abstract Aim The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has affected hundreds of thousands of people. Data on symptoms and prognosis in children are rare. Methods A systematic literature review was carried out to identify papers on COVID‐19, which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), using the MEDLINE and Embase databases between January 1 and March 18, 2020. Results The search identified 45 relevant scientific papers and letters. The review showed that children have so far accounted for 1%‐5% of diagnosed COVID‐19 cases, they often have milder disease than adults and deaths have been extremely rare. Diagnostic findings have been similar to adults, with fever and respiratory symptoms being prevalent, but fewer children seem to have developed severe pneumonia. Elevated inflammatory markers were less common in children, and lymphocytopenia seemed rare. Newborn infants have developed symptomatic COVID‐19, but evidence of vertical intrauterine transmission was scarce. Suggested treatment included providing oxygen, inhalations, nutritional support and maintaining fluids and electrolyte balances. Conclusions The coronavirus disease 2019 has occurred in children, but they seemed to have a milder disease course and better prognosis than adults. Deaths were extremely rare.
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              Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients With Digestive Symptoms in Hubei, China: A Descriptive, Cross-Sectional, Multicenter Study

              OBJECTIVE: Since the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019, various digestive symptoms have been frequently reported in patients infected with the virus. In this study, we aimed to further investigate the prevalence and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with digestive symptoms. METHODS: In this descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study, we enrolled confirmed patients with COVID-19 who presented to 3 hospitals from January 18, 2020, to February 28, 2020. All patients were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and were analyzed for clinical characteristics, laboratory data, and treatment. Data were followed up until March 18, 2020. RESULTS: In the present study, 204 patients with COVID-19 and full laboratory, imaging, and historical data were analyzed. The average age was 52.9 years (SD ± 16), including 107 men and 97 women. Although most patients presented to the hospital with fever or respiratory symptoms, we found that 103 patients (50.5%) reported a digestive symptom, including lack of appetite (81 [78.6%] cases), diarrhea (35 [34%] cases), vomiting (4 [3.9%] cases), and abdominal pain (2 [1.9%] cases). If lack of appetite is excluded from the analysis (because it is less specific for the gastrointestinal tract), there were 38 total cases (18.6%) where patients presented with a gastrointestinal-specific symptom, including diarrhea, vomiting, or abdominal pain. Patients with digestive symptoms had a significantly longer time from onset to admission than patients without digestive symptoms (9.0 days vs 7.3 days). In 6 cases, there were digestive symptoms, but no respiratory symptoms. As the severity of the disease increased, digestive symptoms became more pronounced. Patients with digestive symptoms had higher mean liver enzyme levels, lower monocyte count, longer prothrombin time, and received more antimicrobial treatment than those without digestive symptoms. DISCUSSION: We found that digestive symptoms are common in patients with COVID-19. Moreover, these patients have a longer time from onset to admission, evidence of longer coagulation, and higher liver enzyme levels. Clinicians should recognize that digestive symptoms, such as diarrhea, are commonly among the presenting features of COVID-19 and that the index of suspicion may need to be raised earlier in at-risk patients presenting with digestive symptoms. However, further large sample studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                pap
                Pediatría Atención Primaria
                Rev Pediatr Aten Primaria
                Asociación Española de Pediatría de Atención Primaria (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1139-7632
                June 2020
                : 22
                : 86
                : 189-194
                Affiliations
                [1] Madrid orgnameHospital Universitario 12 de Octubre orgdiv1Servicio de Pediatría orgdiv2Sección de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátrica España
                Article
                S1139-76322020000300014 S1139-7632(20)02208600014
                3a470631-4a50-46d9-acb2-d1a7683c177a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

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                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 21, Pages: 6
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                SciELO Spain

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                SARS-CoV-2,Niños,Digestivo,COVID-19,Cononavirus,Digestive,Children
                SARS-CoV-2, Niños, Digestivo, COVID-19, Cononavirus, Digestive, Children

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