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      New Record of Schistorophus cirripedesmi (Nematoda: Acuariidae) from a Bar-Tailed Godwit, Limosa lapponica baueri (Charadriformes: Scolopacidae) in Korea

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          Abstract

          In July 2014, a nematode species, Schistorophus cirripedesmi Rhizhikov and Khokhlova, 1964, was recovered from a bar-tailed godwit, Limosa lapponica baueri that was stored in a -20˚C freezer in the Chungnam Wild Animal Rescue Center. The bird was collected in 2012 from the coastal region of Pyeongtaek-si (City), Gyeonggi-do (Province) in the Republic of Korea, although the exact date is not clear. At necropsy, 9 nematodes were found in the gizzard of the bird. The parasites had 4 horn-like cephalic cuticular ornamentations. After morphometric comparison and morphological observations, including scanning electron microscopy, the nematodes were identified as S. cirripedesmi. This is the first description of a nematode species in a shorebird in Korea. This is also the first time this genus and species have been found in Korea.

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          Breeding plumage honestly signals likelihood of tapeworm infestation in females of a long-distance migrating shorebird, the bar-tailed godwit.

          The indicator mechanism for sexual selection proposed by Hamilton and Zuk (i.e. that sexually selected ornaments signal parasite resistance) has received rather little observational support, and none in the case of long-distance migrant birds. Here we present a test by examining the association between helminth infestations and breeding plumage quality in bar-tailed godwits Limosa lapponica taymyrensis during their spring staging period in the Wadden Sea, The Netherlands. After a non-stop flight from West Africa, these shorebirds refuel in the Wadden Sea in preparation for a second flight to the central Siberian Arctic breeding grounds. Earlier studies have shown that only relatively heavy and well ornamented birds carry out a "top-up" moult during stopover, in which part of the contour feathers recently grown in West Africa are replaced by even fresher ones. Active body moult was therefore taken as the primary indicator of ornament quality. Of 78 birds collected between 1992 and 1997, 42% carried helminths, including four species of digenean trematodes (flukes), three species of cestodes (tapeworms) and an acanthocephalan (spiny-headed worm). Faecal samples examined for helminth eggs in another 92 birds in 1998 and 2000 showed similar rates of infestation. Actively moulting bar-tailed godwits were confirmed to be heavier and to show more extensive breeding plumage than non-moulting birds. In females, but not in males, active moult was associated with fewer cestodes and acanthocephalans. Also, breeding plumage and presence of cestodes were negatively associated in females. We argue that the quality of the breeding plumage reliably indicates parasite resistance in female godwits. The repeatability of plumage scores of females between years is consistent with such resistance having a heritable component. In contrast, male ornaments may demonstrate other qualities, e.g. an ability to combine adequate fuelling and flight performances with moult during the time-stress of migration.
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            Profilicollis novaezelandensis n. sp. (Polymorphidae) and two other acanthocephalan parasites from shore birds (Haematopodidae and Scolopacidae) in New Zealand, with records of two species in intertidal crabs (Decapoda: Grapsidae and Ocypodidae).

            Profilicollis novaezelandensis n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae) is described from the South Island pied oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus finschi Martens (Haematopodidae) and the intertidal crab Hemigrapsus crenulatus (Milne Edwards) (Brachyura: Grapsidae) from the South Island of New Zealand. The new species can be distinguished from all the other species of the genus by a combination of the following characters: long neck (13% of total body length for adults) and a subspherical proboscis with 14-16 longitudinal rows of 7-8 hooks. The mud crabs Helice crassa Dana (Grapsidae) and Macrophthalmus hirtipes (Heller) (Ocypodidae) were also harbouring cystacanths and the bar-tailed godwit Limosa lapponica (Linnaeus) (Scolopacidae) juveniles of P. novaezelandensis. This is the first record of brachyuran decapods as intermediate hosts of Acanthocephala from New Zealand. P. antarcticus is recorded from three crab species (Helice crassa, Hemigraspus crenulatus and Macrophthalmus hirtipes) and two bird species (Haematopus o. finschi and Limosa lapponica) in New Zealand. An unidentified species of Plagiorhynchus was also found in two bird species (H. o. finschi and H. unicolor Forster). P. antarcticus and P. novaezelandensis are the first records of Profilicollis from New Zealand.
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              Extreme endurance flights by landbirds crossing the Pacific Ocean: ecological corridor rather than barrier?

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Korean J Parasitol
                Korean J. Parasitol
                KJP
                The Korean Journal of Parasitology
                The Korean Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine
                0023-4001
                1738-0006
                June 2016
                30 June 2016
                : 54
                : 3
                : 349-355
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute and Parasite Resource Bank, School of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
                [2 ]College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
                [3 ]Chungnam Wild Animal Rescue Center, Kongju National University, Yesan, Chungnam 32439, Korea
                [4 ]National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon, Chungnam 33657, Korea
                Author notes
                * Corresponding author ( kseom@ 123456chungbuk.ac.kr )
                Article
                kjp-54-3-349
                10.3347/kjp.2016.54.3.349
                4977787
                27417093
                3a585801-7a29-40f0-b018-873bf2edc4f4
                © 2016, Korean Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 16 December 2015
                : 29 March 2016
                : 19 April 2016
                Categories
                Brief Communication

                Parasitology
                schistorophus cirripedemi,nematode,bar-tailed godwit,korea
                Parasitology
                schistorophus cirripedemi, nematode, bar-tailed godwit, korea

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