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      Immune Regulation by helminth parasites: cellular and molecular mechanisms

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      Nature Reviews Immunology
      Springer Science and Business Media LLC

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          Abstract

          Immunology was founded by studying the body's response to infectious microorganisms, and yet microbial prokaryotes only tell half the story of the immune system. Eukaryotic pathogens--protozoa, helminths, fungi and ectoparasites--have all been powerful selective forces for immune evolution. Often, as with lethal protozoal parasites, the focus has been on acute infections and the inflammatory responses they evoke. Long-lived parasites such as the helminths, however, are more remarkable for their ability to downregulate host immunity, protecting themselves from elimination and minimizing severe pathology in the host.

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          Worms and human disease

          R Müller (2002)
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            Author and article information

            Journal
            Nature Reviews Immunology
            Nat Rev Immunol
            Springer Science and Business Media LLC
            1474-1733
            1474-1741
            September 2003
            September 2003
            : 3
            : 9
            : 733-744
            Article
            10.1038/nri1183
            12949497
            3a7871ab-974c-4b33-8d77-bb1d2164ac7b
            © 2003

            http://www.springer.com/tdm

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