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      Field-induced phase transition in Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

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          Abstract

          The origin of the electric field-induced strain in the polycrystalline ceramic 0.92Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3–0.06BaTiO3–0.02K1/2Na1/2NbO3was investigated usingin situhigh-resolution X-ray and neutron diffraction techniques. The initially existing tetragonal phase with pseudocubic lattice undergoes a reversible phase transition to a significantly distorted rhombohedral phase under electric field, accompanied by a change in the oxygen octahedral tilting froma0a0c+toa−a−a−and in the tilting angle. The polarization values for the tetragonal and rhombohedral phases were calculated based on the structural information from Rietveld refinements. The large recoverable electric field-induced strain is a consequence of a reversible electric field-induced phase transition from an almost nonpolar tetragonal phase to a ferroelectrically active rhombohedral phase.

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          Most cited references40

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          Lead-free piezoceramics.

          Lead has recently been expelled from many commercial applications and materials (for example, from solder, glass and pottery glaze) owing to concerns regarding its toxicity. Lead zirconium titanate (PZT) ceramics are high-performance piezoelectric materials, which are widely used in sensors, actuators and other electronic devices; they contain more than 60 weight per cent lead. Although there has been a concerted effort to develop lead-free piezoelectric ceramics, no effective alternative to PZT has yet been found. Here we report a lead-free piezoelectric ceramic with an electric-field-induced strain comparable to typical actuator-grade PZT. We achieved this through the combination of the discovery of a morphotropic phase boundary in an alkaline niobate-based perovskite solid solution, and the development of a processing route leading to highly textured polycrystals. The ceramic exhibits a piezoelectric constant d33 (the induced charge per unit force applied in the same direction) of above 300 picocoulombs per newton (pC N(-1)), and texturing the material leads to a peak d33 of 416 pC N(-1). The textured material also exhibits temperature-independent field-induced strain characteristics.
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            Relaxor ferroelectrics

            L. Cross (1987)
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              (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3-BaTiO3System for Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                JACGAR
                Journal of Applied Crystallography
                J Appl Crystallogr
                International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
                0021-8898
                December 2010
                October 2010
                : 43
                : 6
                : 1314-1321
                Article
                10.1107/S0021889810038264
                3aa21283-4b07-48a4-84f9-3c5b45115c67
                © 2010
                History

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