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      Well-Being in Life and Well-Being at Work: Which Comes First? Evidence From a Longitudinal Study

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          Abstract

          Understanding reciprocal relationships between specific arenas in life and at work is critical for designing interventions to improve workplace health and safety. Most studies about the links between dimensions of well-being in life and at work have been cross-sectional and usually narrowly focused on one of the dimensions of the work-life well-being link. The issues of causality and feedback between life and work well-being have often not been addressed. We overcome these issues by measuring six aspects of well-being for both the work arena and life in general, using longitudinal data with a clear temporal sequence of cause and effect, and by explicitly accounting for feedback with potential effects in both directions. Nine hundred and fifty-four Mexican apparel factory workers at a major global brand participated in two waves of the Worker Well-Being Survey. Data on life satisfaction and job satisfaction, happiness and positive affect, meaning and purpose, health, and social relationships in life and at work were used. Lagged regression controlling for confounders and prior outcomes was employed. Sensitivity analysis was used to assess the robustness of the results to potential unmeasured confounding. For the relationships between life satisfaction and job satisfaction and between happiness in life and happiness at work effects in both directions were found. Nevertheless, indication of a larger effect of life satisfaction on job satisfaction than the reverse was obtained. For depression and meaning in life, there was evidence for an effect of life well-being on work-related well-being, but not for the reverse. For social relationships and purpose, there was evidence for an effect of work-related well-being on life well-being, but not the reverse. Relationships based on the longitudinal data were considerably weaker than their respective cross-sectional associations. This study contributes to our understanding of the nature of the relationship between aspects of well-being in the arenas of life and work. Findings from this study may facilitate the development of novel workplace programs promoting working conditions that enable lifelong flourishing in life and at work.

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          There has been an exponential increase of interest in the dark side of human nature during the last decade. To better understand this dark side, the authors developed and validated a concise, 12-item measure of the Dark Triad: narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism. In 4 studies involving 1,085 participants, they examined its structural reliability, convergent and discriminant validity (Studies 1, 2, and 4), and test-retest reliability (Study 3). Their measure retained the flexibility needed to measure these 3 independent-yet-related constructs while improving its efficiency by reducing its item count by 87% (from 91 to 12 items). The measure retained its core of disagreeableness, short-term mating, and aggressiveness. They call this measure the Dirty Dozen, but it cleanly measures the Dark Triad.
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            A Critical Review and Best-Practice Recommendations for Control Variable Usage

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              The experience of work‐related stress across occupations

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Public Health
                Front Public Health
                Front. Public Health
                Frontiers in Public Health
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                2296-2565
                09 April 2020
                2020
                : 8
                : 103
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Sustainability and Health Initiative (SHINE), Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, MA, United States
                [2] 2Human Flourishing Program, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University , Cambridge, MA, United States
                [3] 3Department of Humanities, IULM University Milan , Milan, Italy
                [4] 4metaLAB (at) Harvard, Harvard University , Cambridge, MA, United States
                [5] 5Fondazione Bruno Kessler , Trento, Italy
                [6] 6Berkman-Klein Center for Internet & Society, Harvard University , Cambridge, MA, United States
                [7] 7Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, MA, United States
                Author notes

                Edited by: Marissa G. Baker, University of Washington, United States

                Reviewed by: Trevor K. Peckham, University of Washington, United States; Kyoung-Mu Lee, Korea National Open University, South Korea

                *Correspondence: Dorota Weziak-Bialowolska doweziak@ 123456hsph.harvard.edu

                This article was submitted to Occupational Health and Safety, a section of the journal Frontiers in Public Health

                Article
                10.3389/fpubh.2020.00103
                7160299
                32328472
                3adeb369-7d2c-40bf-810c-ad6345442fff
                Copyright © 2020 Weziak-Bialowolska, Bialowolski, Sacco, VanderWeele and McNeely.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 11 January 2020
                : 16 March 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 7, Equations: 8, References: 114, Pages: 12, Words: 9997
                Funding
                Funded by: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation 10.13039/100000867
                Categories
                Public Health
                Original Research

                well-being in life,well-being at work,health,job and life satisfaction,happiness,meaning and purpose in life and at work,social relationships

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