Signaling pathways linking inflammation to insulin resistance.

Abstract

Inflammation is closely linked to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic inflammation is one of the main causes of insulin resistance. Insulin pathway is very important for the regulation of glucose, lipid, and energy homeostasis, growth and mitogenic. Proinflammatory mediators can be related to obesity and induce insulin- resistance in adipose tissue. Signaling pathways of transcription factors, particularly NF-κB signaling, are involved in insulin-sensitivity. In addition, the crosstalk between M1-M2 macrophage polarizing plays an essential role in insulin resistance by switching from an M1 to an M2 phenotype and also activation of transcription factors such as NF-κB and AP1. Here, we focus on the roles of transcription factors in inflammation-induced insulin resistance and their involvement in pathogenesis of insulin resistance.