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      Experimental study on frost-formation characteristics on cold surface of arched copper sample

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          Abstract

          The present work investigates the process of frosting formation on arched copper samples with different surface temperatures, calculated the thickness of the frost layer by using the scale method, and analyzed frost lodging, melting, and other phenomena that appeared during the frost-formation process. The results showed that the frosting process on an arched surface can be divided into ice-film formation, rapid growth of the frost layer, and stable growth of the frost layer. Meanwhile, the phenomena of frost-branch breakage, lodging, and melting were observed. The surface temperature had a large effect on the frost formation and thickness of the frost layer, e.g., the formation time of the ice film on a surface at -5°C was the longest (~135 s), the frost layer formed on a surface at -20°C was the thickest (~660 μm). When microscopic observation of the frosting process was accompanied by calculation of the frost-layer thickness, it could be seen that the appearance of the frost branches was affected by the different thermal conductivities of the frost layers, undulating surface of the ice film, and temperature difference between the layers. The changes in the frost branches and the soft surface of the frost layer also affected the growth of the frost layer. The findings of this study are expected to provide guidelines for optimization of conventional defrosting methods.

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          Anti-icing superhydrophobic coatings.

          We use nanoparticle-polymer composites to demonstrate the anti-icing capability of superhydrophobic surfaces and report direct experimental evidence that such surfaces are able to prevent ice formation upon impact of supercooled water both in laboratory conditions and in natural environments. We find that the anti-icing capability of these composites depends not only on their superhydrophobicity but also on the size of the particles exposed on the surface. The critical particle sizes that determine the superhydrophobicity and the anti-icing property are in two different length scales. The effect of particle size on ice formation is explained by using a classical heterogeneous nucleation theory. This result implies that the anti-icing property of a surface is not directly correlated with the superhydrophobicity, and thus, it is uncertain whether a superhydrophobic surface is anti-icing without detailed knowledge of the surface morphology. The result also opens up possibilities for rational design of anti-icing superhydrophobic surfaces by tuning surface textures in multiple length scales.
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            Bio-Inspired Strategies for Anti-Icing

            Undesired ice accumulation leads to severe economic issues and, in some cases, loss of lives. Although research on anti-icing has been carried out for decades, environmentally harmless, economical, and efficient strategies for anti-icing remain to be developed. Recent researches have provided new insights into the icing phenomenon and shed light on some promising bio-inspired anti-icing strategies. The present review critically categorizes and discusses recent developments. Effectively trapping air in surface textures of superhydrophobic surfaces weakens the interaction of the surfaces with liquid water, which enables timely removal of impacting and condensed water droplets before freezing occurs. When ice already forms, ice adhesion can be significantly reduced if liquid is trapped in surface textures as a lubricating layer. As such, ice could be shed off by an action of wind or its gravity. In addition, bio-inspired anti-icing strategies via trapping or introducing other media, such as phase change materials and antifreeze proteins, are discussed.
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              Frost formation and ice adhesion on superhydrophobic surfaces

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                11 December 2018
                2018
                : 13
                : 12
                : e0208721
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
                [2 ] State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
                [3 ] College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
                [4 ] Institute for Materials Discovery, University College London, London, United Kingdom
                Institute of Materials Science, GERMANY
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-5222
                Article
                PONE-D-18-27131
                10.1371/journal.pone.0208721
                6289502
                30533064
                3b22a2bb-4ad2-448d-b67d-eb063d452097
                © 2018 Chen et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 18 September 2018
                : 22 November 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 8, Tables: 0, Pages: 13
                Funding
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100010896, International Cooperation and Exchange Programme;
                Award ID: 51711530236
                Award Recipient :
                This study was supported by the international exchanges scheme between the Royal Society and the NSFC [Grant No. 51711530236] to QC. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Physical Sciences
                Materials Science
                Material Properties
                Surface Properties
                Surface Temperature
                Physical Sciences
                Materials Science
                Materials
                Semiconductors
                Physical Sciences
                Materials Science
                Material Properties
                Thermal Conductivity
                Physical Sciences
                Physics
                Condensed Matter Physics
                Phase Transitions
                Melting
                Physical Sciences
                Physics
                States of Matter
                Fluids
                Vapors
                Engineering and Technology
                Electronics Engineering
                Charge Coupled Devices
                Earth Sciences
                Glaciology
                Ice Cores
                Engineering and Technology
                Custom metadata
                All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files.

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                Uncategorized

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