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      A review of the mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) of Bangladesh

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          Abstract

          Background

          Diseases caused by mosquito-borne pathogens remain an important source of morbidity and mortality in Bangladesh. To better control the vectors that transmit the agents of disease, and hence the diseases they cause, and to appreciate the diversity of the family Culicidae, it is important to have an up-to-date list of the species present in the country. Original records were collected from a literature review to compile a list of the species recorded in Bangladesh.

          Results

          Records for 123 species were collected, although some species had only a single record. This is an increase of ten species over the most recent complete list, compiled nearly 30 years ago. Collection records of three additional species are included here: Anopheles pseudowillmori, Armigeres malayi and Mimomyia luzonensis.

          Conclusions

          While this work constitutes the most complete list of mosquito species collected in Bangladesh, further work is needed to refine this list and understand the distributions of those species within the country. Improved morphological and molecular methods of identification will allow the refinement of this list in years to come.

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          Most cited references141

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          Making Mosquito Taxonomy Useful: A Stable Classification of Tribe Aedini that Balances Utility with Current Knowledge of Evolutionary Relationships

          Richard Wilkerson, Yvonne-Marie Linton, Dina Fonseca … (2015)
          The tribe Aedini (Family Culicidae) contains approximately one-quarter of the known species of mosquitoes, including vectors of deadly or debilitating disease agents. This tribe contains the genus Aedes, which is one of the three most familiar genera of mosquitoes. During the past decade, Aedini has been the focus of a series of extensive morphology-based phylogenetic studies published by Reinert, Harbach, and Kitching (RH&K). Those authors created 74 new, elevated or resurrected genera from what had been the single genus Aedes, almost tripling the number of genera in the entire family Culicidae. The proposed classification is based on subjective assessments of the “number and nature of the characters that support the branches” subtending particular monophyletic groups in the results of cladistic analyses of a large set of morphological characters of representative species. To gauge the stability of RH&K’s generic groupings we reanalyzed their data with unweighted parsimony jackknife and maximum-parsimony analyses, with and without ordering 14 of the characters as in RH&K. We found that their phylogeny was largely weakly supported and their taxonomic rankings failed priority and other useful taxon-naming criteria. Consequently, we propose simplified aedine generic designations that 1) restore a classification system that is useful for the operational community; 2) enhance the ability of taxonomists to accurately place new species into genera; 3) maintain the progress toward a natural classification based on monophyletic groups of species; and 4) correct the current classification system that is subject to instability as new species are described and existing species more thoroughly defined. We do not challenge the phylogenetic hypotheses generated by the above-mentioned series of morphological studies. However, we reduce the ranks of the genera and subgenera of RH&K to subgenera or informal species groups, respectively, to preserve stability as new data become available.
          Article 0 comments Cited 91 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Culex pipiens: species versus species complex taxonomic history and perspective.

            Ralph Harbach (2012)
            The taxonomic history of Culex pipiens (1758-present) is reviewed. The central question is whether Cx. pipiens is a single polytypic species or a complex of sibling species? The taxon traditionally known as the Cx. pipiens complex is referred to as the Pipiens Assemblage to avoid difficulties associated with the meaning of the word "complex". Neotype specimens have been designated to fix the morphological identities of Cx. pipiens, Cx. molestus, and Cx. quinquefasciatus, and Cx. pallens is represented by a holotype, but whether these nominal forms represent one or more biological species remains controversial. Despite extensive morphological and physiological/behavioral variation, there is no indication of subspecific or racial differences in geographically separated populations of Cx. pipiens. Introgression occurs where populations of Cx. pipiens and Cx. quinquefasciatus overlap, but the retention of parental epiphenotypes outside the zone of introgression provides evidence of independent species cohesion. The main conclusions reached are: Cx. pipiens and Cx. quinquefasciatus are separate species which evolved in Africa and hybridize in non-indigenous areas where they were unintentionally introduced by humans; Cx. molestus is nothing more than a phenotypic and physiological variant of Cx. pipiens; and Cx. pallens has no taxonomic status under the provisions of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Based on morphological similarity, the Pipiens Assemblage includes Cx. pipiens, Cx. quinquefasciatus, and possibly Cx. australicus. There is no evidence to suggest that the Pipiens Assemblage includes any other species.
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              Bionomics, taxonomy, and distribution of the major malaria vector taxa of Anopheles subgenus Cellia in Southeast Asia: an updated review.

              R. Harbach, I Dusfour, S Manguin … (2008)
              There is high diversity of Anopheles mosquitoes in Southeast Asia and the main vectors of malaria belong to complexes or groups of species that are difficult or impossible to distinguish due to overlapping morphological characteristics. Recent advances in molecular systematics have provided simple and reliable methods for unambiguous species identification. This review summarizes the latest information on the seven taxonomic groups that include principal malaria vectors in Southeast Asia, i.e. the Minimus, Fluviatilis, Culicifacies, Dirus, Leucosphyrus, and Sundaicus Complexes, and the Maculatus Group. Main issues still to be resolved are highlighted. The growing knowledge on malaria vectors in Southeast Asia has implications for vector control programs, the success of which is highly dependant on precise information about the biology and behavior of the vector species. Acquisition of this information, and consequently the application of appropriate, sustainable control measures, depends on our ability to accurately identify the specific vectors.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Seth R. Irish: sirish@cdc.gov
                Hasan Mohammad Al-Amin: alamin@icddrb.org
                Mohammad Shafiul Alam: shafiul@icddrb.org
                Ralph E. Harbach: r.harbach@nhm.ac.uk
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Parasit Vectors
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Parasit Vectors
                Title: Parasites & Vectors
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1756-3305
                Publication date (Electronic): 22 October 2016
                Publication date PMC-release: 22 October 2016
                Publication date Collection: 2016
                Volume: 9
                Electronic Location Identifier: 559
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA
                [2 ]International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212 Bangladesh
                [3 ]Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD UK
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1848
                DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1848-z
                PMC ID: 5075421
                PubMed ID: 27770829
                SO-VID: 3b4646f2-8885-4dd8-a873-bedc43975138
                Copyright © © The Author(s). 2016
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                Date received : 22 July 2016
                Date accepted : 13 October 2016
                Categories
                Subject: Research
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2016

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Parasitology
                Keywords: species list,mosquitoes,bangladesh,culicidae
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Parasitology
                Keywords: species list, mosquitoes, bangladesh, culicidae

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