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      Adaptive Bayesian Iterative Transmission Reconstruction for Attenuation Correction in Myocardial Perfusion Imaging with SPECT/Slow-Rotation Low-Output CT Systems

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          Abstract

          Objectives. SPECT/slow-rotation low-output CT systems can produce streak artifacts in filtered backprojection (FBP) attenuation maps, impacting attenuation correction (AC) in myocardial perfusion imaging. This paper presents an adaptive Bayesian iterative transmission reconstruction (ABITR) algorithm for more accurate AC. Methods. In each iteration, ABITR calculated a three-dimensional prior containing the pixels with attenuation coefficients similar to water, then used it to encourage these pixels to the water value. ABITR was tested with a cardiac phantom and 4 normal patients acquired by a GE Millennium VG/Hawkeye system. Results. FBP AC and ABITR AC produced similar phantom results. For the patients, streak artifacts were observed in the FBP and ordered-subsets expectation-maximization (OSEM) maps but not in the ABITR maps, and ABITR AC produced more uniform images than FBP AC and OSEM AC. Conclusion. ABITR can improve the quality of the attenuation map, producing more uniform images for normal studies.

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          Unmatched projector/backprojector pairs in an iterative reconstruction algorithm.

          Gengsheng Zeng, Grant Gullberg (2000)
          Computational burden is a major concern when an iterative algorithm is used to reconstruct a three-dimensional (3-D) image with attenuation, detector response, and scatter corrections. Most of the computation time is spent executing the projector and backprojector of an iterative algorithm. Usually, the projector and the backprojector are transposed operators of each other. The projector should model the imaging geometry and physics as accurately as possible. Some researchers have used backprojectors that are computationally less expensive than the projectors to reduce computation time. This paper points out that valid backprojectors should satisfy a condition that the projector/backprojector matrix must not contain negative eigen-values. This paper also investigates the effects when unmatched projector/backprojector pairs are used.
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            Multicenter clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of correction for photon attenuation and scatter in SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging.

            R Hendel, S Cullom, Katherine Follansbee … (1999)
            Soft tissue attenuation is a prominent cause of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging artifacts, which may result in reduced diagnostic accuracy of myocardial perfusion imaging. A method incorporating simultaneously acquired transmission data permits nonuniform attenuation correction and when incorporating scatter correction and resolution compensation may substantially reduce interpretive errors. A prospective multicenter trial was performed recruiting patients with angiographically documented coronary disease (n=96) and group of subjects with a low likelihood of disease (n=88). The uncorrected and attenuation/scatter corrected images were read independently, without knowledge of the patient's clinical data. The detection of >/=50% stenosis was similar using uncorrected perfusion data or with attenuation/scatter correction and resolution compensation (visual or visual plus quantitative analysis), 76% versus 75% versus 78%, respectively (P=NS). The normalcy rate, however, was significantly improved with this new methodology, using either the corrected images (86% vs 96%; P=0.011) or with the corrected data and quantitative analysis (86% vs 97%; P=0.007). The receiver operator characteristic curves were also found to be marginally but not significantly higher with attenuation/scatter correction than with tradition SPECT imaging. However, the ability to detect multivessel disease was reduced with attenuation/scatter correction. Regional differences were also noted, with reduced sensitivity but improved specificity for right coronary lesions using attenuation/scatter correction methodology. This multicenter trial demonstrates the initial clinical results of a new SPECT perfusion imaging modality incorporating attenuation and scatter correction in conjunction with 99mTc sestamibi perfusion imaging. Significant improvements in the normalcy rate were noted without a decline in overall sensitivity but with a reduction in detection of extensive coronary disease.
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              Technical aspects of myocardial spect imaging with technetium-99m sestamibi

              Ernest Garcia, C.David Cooke, Kenneth Van Train … (1990)
              Most reports to date using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with technetium-99m (Tc-99m) sestamibi have used acquisition parameters that were optimized for thallium-201. To fully utilize the superior imaging characteristics of Tc-99m sestamibi, there is a need to optimize the technical aspects of SPECT imaging for this agent. Performance can be enhanced through the careful selection of optimal radiopharmaceutical doses, imaging sequences, acquisition parameters, reconstruction filters, perfusion quantification methods and multidimensional methods for visualizing perfusion distribution. The current report describes theoretical considerations, phantom studies and preliminary patient results that have led to optimized protocols, developed at Emory University and Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, for same-day rest-stress studies, given existing instrumentation and recommended dose limits. The optimizations were designed to fit a low-dose-high-dose rest-stress same-day imaging protocol. A principal change in the acquisition parameters compared with previous Tc-99m sestamibi protocols is the use of a high-resolution collimator. The approach is being developed in both prone and supine positions. A new method for extracting a 3-dimensional myocardial count distribution has been developed that uses spherical coordinates to sample the apical region and cylindrical coordinates to sample the rest of the myocardium. New methods for visualizing the myocardial distribution in multiple dimensions are also described, with improved 2-dimensional, as well as 3- and 4-dimensional (3 dimensions plus time) displays. In the improved 2-dimensional display, distance-weighted and volume-weighted polar maps are used that appear to significantly improve the representation of defect location and defect extent, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Biomed Imaging
                Journal ID (publisher-id): IJBI
                Title: International Journal of Biomedical Imaging
                Publisher: Hindawi Publishing Corporation
                ISSN (Print): 1687-4188
                ISSN (Electronic): 1687-4196
                Publication date (Print): 2007
                Publication date (Electronic): 15 February 2007
                Volume: 2007
                Electronic Location Identifier: 18709
                Affiliations
                1Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
                2GE Healthcare, 39120 Haifa, Israel
                Author notes

                Recommended by David Townsend

                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2007/18709
                PMC ID: 1893015
                PubMed ID: 17710252
                SO-VID: 3b50dc54-f973-4135-8a55-f7e799239225
                Copyright © Copyright © 2007 Ji Chen et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 27 January 2006
                Date revision received : 14 December 2006
                Date accepted : 14 December 2006
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Radiology & Imaging
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Radiology & Imaging

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