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      Propionibacterium spp.—source of propionic acid, vitamin B12, and other metabolites important for the industry

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          Abstract

          Bacteria from the Propionibacterium genus consists of two principal groups: cutaneous and classical. Cutaneous Propionibacterium are considered primary pathogens to humans, whereas classical Propionibacterium are widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Bacteria from the Propionibacterium genus are capable of synthesizing numerous valuable compounds with a wide industrial usage. Biomass of the bacteria from the Propionibacterium genus constitutes sources of vitamins from the B group, including B12, trehalose, and numerous bacteriocins. These bacteria are also capable of synthesizing organic acids such as propionic acid and acetic acid. Because of GRAS status and their health-promoting characteristics, bacteria from the Propionibacterium genus and their metabolites (propionic acid, vitamin B12, and trehalose) are commonly used in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, food, and other industries. They are also used as additives in fodders for livestock. In this review, we present the major species of Propionibacterium and their properties and provide an overview of their functions and applications. This review also presents current literature concerned with the possibilities of using Propionibacterium spp. to obtain valuable metabolites. It also presents the biosynthetic pathways as well as the impact of the genetic and environmental factors on the efficiency of their production.

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          Identification of prokaryotic and eukaryotic signal peptides and prediction of their cleavage sites

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            Genetics of bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria.

            Lactic acid bacteria produce a variety of bacteriocins that have recently come under detailed investigation. The biochemical and genetic characteristics of these antimicrobial proteins are reviewed and common elements are discussed between the different classes of bacteriocins produced by these Gram-positive bacteria.
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              Effect of trehalose on protein structure.

              Trehalose is a ubiquitous molecule that occurs in lower and higher life forms but not in mammals. Till about 40 years ago, trehalose was visualized as a storage molecule, aiding the release of glucose for carrying out cellular functions. This perception has now changed dramatically. The role of trehalose has expanded, and this molecule has now been implicated in a variety of situations. Trehalose is synthesized as a stress-responsive factor when cells are exposed to environmental stresses like heat, cold, oxidation, desiccation, and so forth. When unicellular organisms are exposed to stress, they adapt by synthesizing huge amounts of trehalose, which helps them in retaining cellular integrity. This is thought to occur by prevention of denaturation of proteins by trehalose, which would otherwise degrade under stress. This explanation may be rational, since recently, trehalose has been shown to slow down the rate of polyglutamine-mediated protein aggregation and the resultant pathogenesis by stabilizing an aggregation-prone model protein. In recent years, trehalose has also proved useful in the cryopreservation of sperm and stem cells and in the development of a highly reliable organ preservation solution. This review aims to highlight the changing perception of the role of trehalose over the last 10 years and to propose common mechanisms that may be involved in all the myriad ways in which trehalose stabilizes protein structures. These will take into account the structure of trehalose molecule and its interactions with its environment, and the explanations will focus on the role of trehalose in preventing protein denaturation.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                kamil_piwowarek@sggw.pl
                Journal
                Appl Microbiol Biotechnol
                Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol
                Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
                Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Berlin/Heidelberg )
                0175-7598
                1432-0614
                22 November 2017
                22 November 2017
                2018
                : 102
                : 2
                : 515-538
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0001 1955 7966, GRID grid.13276.31, Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Division of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Food Sciences, , Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW (WULS-SGGW), ; Nowoursynowska 159c Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0001 1955 7966, GRID grid.13276.31, Department of Food Technology, Division of Fruit and Vegetable Technology, Faculty of Food Sciences, , Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), ; Nowoursynowska 159c Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
                Article
                8616
                10.1007/s00253-017-8616-7
                5756557
                29167919
                3b568686-c474-4185-ad74-8f8ff5b76937
                © The Author(s) 2017

                Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

                History
                : 30 May 2017
                : 31 October 2017
                : 1 November 2017
                Categories
                Mini-Review
                Custom metadata
                © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018

                Biotechnology
                propionibacterium,propionic acid,vitamin b12,trehalose,bacteriocins
                Biotechnology
                propionibacterium, propionic acid, vitamin b12, trehalose, bacteriocins

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