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      Early drop in systolic blood pressure and worsening renal function in acute heart failure: renal results of Pre-RELAX-AHF

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          Abstract

          We aimed to determine the relation between baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP), change in SBP, and worsening renal function (WRF) in acute heart failure (AHF) patients enrolled in the Pre-RELAX-AHF trial.

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          Renal impairment and outcomes in heart failure: systematic review and meta-analysis.

          Grace Smith, Judith Lichtman, Michael B Bracken … (2006)
          We estimated the prevalence of renal impairment in heart failure (HF) patients and the magnitude of associated mortality risk using a systematic review of published studies. Renal impairment in HF patients is associated with excess mortality, although precise risk estimates are unclear. A systematic search of MEDLINE (through May 2005) identified 16 studies characterizing the association between renal impairment and mortality in 80,098 hospitalized and non-hospitalized HF patients. All-cause mortality risks associated with any renal impairment (creatinine >1.0 mg/dl, creatinine clearance [CrCl] or estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] 1.03 mg/dl) and moderate to severe impairment (creatinine > or =1.5, CrCl or eGFR or =1.56) were estimated using fixed-effects meta-analysis. A total of 63% of patients had any renal impairment, and 29% had moderate to severe impairment. After follow-up > or =1 year, 38% of patients with any renal impairment and 51% with moderate to severe impairment died versus 24% without impairment. Adjusted all-cause mortality was increased for patients with any impairment (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.56; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.53 to 1.60, p < 0.001) and moderate to severe impairment (HR = 2.31; 95% CI 2.18 to 2.44, p < 0.001). Mortality worsened incrementally across the range of renal function, with 15% (95% CI 14% to 17%) increased risk for every 0.5 mg/dl increase in creatinine and 7% (95% CI 4% to 10%) increased risk for every 10 ml/min decrease in eGFR. Renal impairment is common among HF patients and confers excess mortality. Renal function should be considered in risk stratification and evaluation of therapeutic strategies for HF patients.
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            Incidence, predictors at admission, and impact of worsening renal function among patients hospitalized with heart failure.

            Daniel Forman, Javed Butler, Yongfei Wang … (2004)
            The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of worsening renal function (WRF) among hospitalized heart failure (HF) patients, clinical predictors of WRF, and hospital outcomes associated with WRF. Impaired renal function is associated with poor outcomes among chronic HF patients. Chart reviews were performed on 1,004 consecutive patients admitted for a primary diagnosis of HF from 11 geographically diverse hospitals. Cox regression model analysis was used to identify independent predictors for WRF, defined as a rise in serum creatinine of >0.3 mg/dl (26.5 micromol/l). Bivariate analysis was used to determine associations of development of WRF with outcomes (in-hospital death, in-hospital complications, and length of stay). Among 1,004 HF patients studied, WRF developed in 27%. In the majority of cases, WRF occurred within three days of admission. History of HF or diabetes mellitus, admission creatinine > or =1.5 mg/dl (132.6 micromol/l), and systolic blood pressure >160 mm Hg were independently associated with higher risk of WRF. A point score based on these characteristics and their relative risk ratios predicted those at risk for WRF. Hospital deaths (adjusted risk ratio [ARR] 7.5; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 2.9, 19.3), complications (ARR 2.1; CI 1.5, 3.0), and length of hospitalizations >10 days (ARR 3.2, CI 2.2, 4.9) were greater among patients with WRF. Worsening renal function occurs frequently among hospitalized HF patients and is associated with significantly worse outcomes. Clinical characteristics available at hospital admission can be used to identify patients at increased risk for developing WRF.
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              Worsening renal function and prognosis in heart failure: systematic review and meta-analysis.

              Kevin Damman, Gerjan Navis, Adriaan A. Voors … (2007)
              Renal impairment is associated with increased mortality in heart failure (HF). Recently, reports suggest that worsening renal function (WRF) is another predictor of clinical outcome in HF. The present study was designed to establish the proportion of patients with HF that exhibits (WRF) and the associated risk for mortality and hospitalization by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. A systematic search of MEDLINE revealed 8 studies on the relationship between WRF and mortality in 18,634 patients with HF. The mortality risk associated with WRF was estimated using random-effects meta-analysis. WRF was defined as an increase in serum creatinine > or = 0.2 mg/dL or a corresponding decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate > or = 5 mL x min x 1.73 m2. Subgroup analysis included differentiation between in- and out-hospital patients, degree of WRF and time until end point occurrence. WRF developed in 4,734 (25%) patients and was associated with a higher risk for mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.45-1.82, P < .001) and hospitalization (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.04-1.62, P = .022). The severity of WRF was also associated with greater mortality. Patients with impaired renal function at baseline were more prone to progressive renal function loss. WRF predicts substantially higher rates of mortality and hospitalization in patients with HF.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: European Journal of Heart Failure
                Abbreviated Title: European Journal of Heart Failure
                Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
                ISSN: 13889842
                Publication date Created: September 2011
                Publication date (Print): September 2011
                Volume: 13
                Issue: 9
                Pages: 961-967
                Affiliations
                [1 ]on behalf of the Pre-RELAX-AHF study group
                Article
                DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfr060
                PubMed ID: 21622980
                SO-VID: 3b5e3a72-b06f-49c4-bd68-3207b544ce37
                Copyright © © 2011
                License:

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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