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      A lithium–sulfur full cell with ultralong cycle life: influence of cathode structure and polysulfide additive

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          Abstract

          A carbide-derived carbon with hierarchical pore structure, large pore volume and high surface area was applied as a rigid, conductive scaffold for sulfur conversion. Full cell tests revealed high performance and reversible cycling over 4100 cycles.

          Abstract

          Lithium–sulfur batteries are highly attractive energy storage systems, but suffer from structural anode and cathode degradation, capacity fade and fast cell failure (dry out). To address these issues, a carbide-derived carbon (DUT-107) featuring a high surface area (2088 m 2 g −1), high total pore volume (3.17 cm 3 g −1) and hierarchical micro-, meso- and macropore structure is applied as a rigid scaffold for sulfur infiltration. The DUT-107/S cathodes combine excellent mechanical stability and high initial capacities (1098–1208 mA h g S −1) with high sulfur content (69.7 wt% per total electrode) and loading (2.3–2.9 mg S cm −2). Derived from the effect of the electrolyte-to-sulfur ratio on capacity retention and cyclability, conducting salt is substituted by polysulfide additive for reduced polysulfide leakage and capacity stabilization. Moreover, in a full cell model system using a prelithiated hard carbon anode, the performance of DUT-107/S cathodes is demonstrated over 4100 cycles (final capacity of 422 mA h g S −1) with a very low capacity decay of 0.0118% per cycle. Application of PS additive further boosts the performance (final capacity of 554 mA h g S −1), although a slightly higher decay of 0.0125% per cycle is observed.

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          Enhancement of long stability of sulfur cathode by encapsulating sulfur into micropores of carbon spheres

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            Spherical ordered mesoporous carbon nanoparticles with high porosity for lithium-sulfur batteries.

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              Sulfur-impregnated activated carbon fiber cloth as a binder-free cathode for rechargeable Li-S batteries.

              A route for the preparation of binder-free sulfur-carbon cathodes is developed for lithium sulfur batteries. The method is based on the impregnation of elemental sulfur into the micropores of activated carbon fibers. These electrodes demonstrate good electrochemical performance at high current density attributed to the uniform dispersion of sulfur inside the carbon fiber.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                JMCAET
                Journal of Materials Chemistry A
                J. Mater. Chem. A
                Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
                2050-7488
                2050-7496
                2015
                2015
                : 3
                : 7
                : 3808-3820
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology
                [2 ]D-01277 Dresden
                [3 ]Germany
                [4 ]Department of Inorganic Chemistry
                [5 ]Dresden University of Technology
                [6 ]D-01062 Dresden
                [7 ]VARTA Micro Innovation GmbH
                [8 ]A-8010 Graz
                [9 ]Austria
                Article
                10.1039/C4TA06748G
                3b6aefc0-c0e9-4382-8c8f-37f78440ef4a
                © 2015
                History

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