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      Eficiencia de dos pruebas diagnósticas en la determinación de alergia por ácaros en niños Translated title: Efficiency of two diagnostic tests in the determination of mite-allergy in children

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          Abstract

          Las enfermedades alérgicas constituyen un problema de salud mundial y los ácaros se encuentran entre sus principales agentes etiológicos. En Cuba se destacan los siguientes: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides siboney y Blomia tropicalis. Con el objetivo de determinar la eficiencia de la prueba cutánea por punción y la determinación de IgE específica para el diagnóstico de la alergia a estos tres ácaros se desarrolló en el año 2003 un estudio analítico que incluyó 100 niños: 50 no alérgicos y 50 alérgicos que asistieron al Hospital Pediátrico "William Soler" de Ciudad de La Habana. A todos se les realizó la prueba cutánea por punción con tres extractos alergénicos (VALERGEN-DP, VALERGEN-DS y VALERGEN-BT) y se les extrajo sangre para la valoración de la IgE ácaro específica; exámenes que mostraron una mayor positividad ante D. pteronyssinus en los niños enfermos. Mientras que en los no alérgicos la prueba cutánea y la IgE para D. pteronyssinus fueron negativas. La prueba cutánea presentó un 100% de especificidad, con una mayor sensibilidad para VALERGEN-DP (88%), extracto con más eficiencia diagnóstica (94%). La IgE expresó los mejores resultados de sensibilidad, especificidad y eficiencia para D. pteronyssinus (78, 100 y 89%, respectivamente). La prueba cutánea por punción fue más eficiente que la determinación de IgE específica para el diagnóstico de las alergias por ácaros. En los enfermos se observó una correlación significativa entre la respuesta cutánea y el nivel de IgE para los ácaros estudiados. Estos datos contribuyeron a mejorar el diagnóstico alergológico y alertan sobre la necesidad de extender el uso de la inmunoterapia específica con vacunas hiposensibilizantes en los niños alérgicos a los ácaros.

          Translated abstract

          Allergic diseases are a worldwide health problem; mites constitute one of their main etiological agents. In Cuba, the main species are Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides siboney and Blomia tropicales. An analytical study was carried out during 2003 in 50 non-allergic children and 50 allergic ones in a pediatric hospital in the City of Havana in order to determine the efficiency of the skin prick test and the IgE determination for diagnosing allergy to these three mites. The skin prick test with three allergenic extracts (VALERGEN-DP, VALERGEN-DS and VALERGEN-BT), as well as a blood extraction, were performed to all children to determine mite-specific IgE. These tests showed positive results to D. pteronyssinus in diseased children. Meanwhile both tests were negative in the non-allergic children. The skin test showed 100% specificity, with the highest sensitivity for VALERGEN-DP (88%), the extract with the highest diagnostic efficiency (94%). IgE determination showed the best sensitivity, specificity and efficiency results for D. pteronyssinus (78, 100 y 89%, respectively). The skin prick test was the most efficient and there was significant correlation between the skin response and the IgE level for the studied mites in the sick patients. These results contribute to the improvement of allergy diagnosis and point out the need of using specific immunotherapy with hyposensitizing vaccines in mite-sensitive allergic children.

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          Prevention of new sensitizations in asthmatic children monosensitized to house dust mite by specific immunotherapy. A six-year follow-up study.

          Specific immunotherapy (SIT) is a recognized way of treating IgE-mediated respiratory diseases. The clinical outcome is usually better in allergic children than in adults. To increase our knowledge of the ability of SIT to prevent the onset of new sensitizations in monosensitized subjects, so far poorly documented. 134 children (age range 5-8 years), who had intermittent asthma with or without rhinitis, with single sensitization to mite allergen (skin prick test and serum-specific IgE), were enrolled. SIT was proposed to all the children's parents, but was accepted by only 75 of them (SIT Group). The remaining 63 children were treated with medication only, and were considered the Control Group. Injective SIT with mite mix was administered to the SIT Group during the first three years and all patients were followed for a total of 6 years. All patients were checked for allergic sensitization(s) by skin prick test and serum-specific IgE every year until the end of the follow-up period. Both groups were comparable in terms of age, sex and disease characteristics. 123 children completed the follow-up study. At the end of the study, 52 out of 69 children (75.4%) in the SIT Group showed no new sensitization, compared to 18 out of 54 children (33.3%) in the Control Group (P < 0.0002). Parietaria, Gramineae and Olea were the most common allergens responsible for the new sensitization(s). According to our data, SIT may prevent the onset of new sensitizations in children with respiratory symptoms monosensitized to house dust mite (HDM).
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            The influence of age and gender on sensitization to aero-allergens.

            Boys run a higher risk for atopy than girls but this gender difference is less pronounced in adulthood. The underlying mechanisms and the exact timing of this decrease in male/female ratio remain unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of age and gender on sensitization in schoolchildren. A cross-sectional study was performed in an unbiased community population of 2021 Belgian schoolchildren, aged 3.4-14.8 yr. The overall sensitization and the sensitization for mites, mixed grass pollens and tree pollens increased significantly with increasing age. Male sex was strongly associated with sensitization (OR(adj) 2.0, 98% CI 1.6-2.4). Male predominance was more obvious in children under the age of 8 yr. After the age of 8 male predominance persisted, but a significant increase in sensitized females occurred. Our data demonstrate a significant increase in prevalence of sensitization with age and a significant decrease in male/female ratio of sensitization after the age of 8 yr, although a male predominance persists. These data are the first published data ever that document this change in male/female ratio in sensitization at this age.
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              DIAGNOSIS OF ALLERGY BY AN IN-VITRO TEST FOR ALLERGEN ANTIBODIES

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                vac
                Vaccimonitor
                Vaccimonitor
                Finlay Ediciones (La Habana, , Cuba )
                1025-028X
                1025-0298
                August 2008
                : 17
                : 2
                : 1-6
                Affiliations
                [01] Ciudad de La Habana orgname Cuba.
                [02] Habana orgname”Centro Cuba
                [03] Ciudad de La Habana orgnameHospital William Soler Cuba
                [04] Ciudad de La Habana orgnameInstituto Finlay, Centro de Investigación-Producción de Vacunas Cuba
                Article
                S1025-028X2008000200001 S1025-028X(08)01700201
                3b7b3233-fc72-4e4b-b889-5ab22e3175ef

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : April 2008
                : July 2008
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 23, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)

                Enfermedades alérgicas,ácaros,extractos alergénicos,prueba cutánea por punción,IgE ácaro específica,Allergic diseases,mites,allergens extract,skin prick test,mite-specific IgE

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