Analysis of the treatment of the police informer in different legal systems

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Abstract

Increasingly, the use of different means of investigation is enabling the authorities to clarify the facts and to arrest the perpetrator of the crime more quickly and effectively, within the different means of investigation available to police authorities, one of which and the most common in all countries is the police informer, being a person of particular importance during the police investigation, as he or she provides confidential and essential information in order to learn important facts about the crime and its perpetrators. The problem with this research tool is that it is not uniform in its treatment, in different countries, the informant is treated differently, and as a result of this, the product or the investigation that is offered to the judges, as a result of these confidences, is different. Likewise, when working with police informants, it is very important to take into account a series of precautions so as not to violate any human rights, as well as not to being manipulated by the informer. As an example of the above, this article studies the treatment of police informants in different countries, considering the legislation of each one, sentences and documents that establish the guidelines for the use of police informants.

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The juridical nature of the European Court of Justice and the principles of its activity

Vilma Hasneziri (2015)

The European Union is a reality closer and closer for Albania as well. The status Albania obtained as a candidate country, not only means a step forward towards the European Union, but it also sets forth a number of challenges to be solved such as, freedom, property, democracy, human rights, the fight against organized crime and corruption etc. Under these circumstances, the analysis of the issues that have to do with the European Union is of a great importance, as in the near future, Albania is designated to join the great European family. The scope of this work is to analyze tow important aspects that have to do with one of the most important institutions of the European Union, such as the European Court of Justice. The first aspect of this work, which is also its first subject, refers to the juridical nature of the European Court of Justice. Analyzing this topic, we shall see that this Court, as per its nature, contains elements of different courts, thus, presenting similarities with the Constitutional Courts of Member States, civil courts, criminal courts, administrative and labour courts and with other international courts as well. However, despite the similarities it presents with other courts, the European Court of Justice is a court of a special kind, “sui generis”, exactly as the European Union is, thus, an organization of a special kind. The second aspect of this paper, which is also its second issue, analyses the fundamental principles where the European Court of Justice bases its activity. The most important principles are that of equality and non discrimination, the principle of protecting and guaranteeing the human rights, the principle of access before the court or the right to address the court, the principle of legality as well as the principles of proportionality and subsidiarity. In this work, especially in the second part, there shall be presented several decisions of the European Court of Justice as well, that have to do with its interpretation on the dispositions of the establishing Treaties as well as the analysis of the above mentioned principles. At the end of this work, there will be given its conclusions as well as the bibliography where it is based on.

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Informers. Policing, Policy, Practice (Kinzig)

Roger Billingsley, Teresa Nemitz, Philip Bean (2001)

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The role and importance of functioning institutions of justice in fighting crime

Xhevdet Halili (2014)

Justice authorities are one of the main pillars on which rests the basis of the functioning of most other institutions within a state. As is known the justice authorities, but that within their authority to have the preservation of public peace and order, have and fighting and preventing crime in general. Institutions that have special role in the fight against crime are numerous, but we have dealt only some of the key institutions involved in combating and preventing criminal phenomena in general and in particular in Kosovo. Ranging from the role of police in preventing and fighting crime as a phenomenon of harmful and dangerous to society then continued with the role and importance of the state attorney in fighting and preventing crime in Kosovo, to continue in the role and importance of courts in the prevention of crime. Also, is treated the protection of human rights in general within the legal system in Kosovo, addressing the issue of respect for human rights and the possible limits of institutions that have officials in respect to human rights in general.