A Case Review: Anticoagulation in Hemodialysis Patients with Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

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Abstract

We describe a patient with acute renal failure who subsequently developed heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) while on hemodialysis. Heparin was immediately discontinued and alternative modes of anticoagulation were considered as further hemodialysis was indicated. With several options available, a review of the current literature was performed to aid in the selection of the most appropriate method. We conclude that there is currently no ideal hemodialysis anticoagulation agent for a patient with HIT. Among the currently available alternatives, no anticoagulation or regional citrate infusion during hemodialysis appears to be the most reliable and safest option for these patients. Based upon its safety, reversibility, low cost and availability, a trial of warfarin also may be attempted for hemodialysis anticoagulation. Both danapranoid and lepirudin have been used effectively in hemodialysis patients with HIT, but have the disadvantage of prolonged half-lives in patients with renal failure and relatively high cost.

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Filling hemodialysis catheters in the interdialytic period: heparin versus citrate versus polygeline: a prospective randomized study.

J Klinkmann, Ljubomir J Buturovic, P Ivanovich … (1998)

Heparin and saline are commonly used to fill hemodialysis central venous catheters to prevent their thrombosis during the interdialytic period. The purpose of this prospective clinical study was to evaluate whether replacing heparin with citrate or polygeline could ensure satisfactory catheter function without exposing patients to the risk of systemic heparinization. Thirty end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients with subclavian or jugular single lumen catheters as temporary vascular access for hemodialysis were enrolled. After the insertion of the catheters, the patients were randomly assigned to one of the following three filling groups: Group A, heparin; Group B, citrate; Group C, polygeline. Before each dialysis, the filling solution was aspirated and clot volume, if present, was measured. The catheter usage time and the clot volume were 23 +/- 24 days and 0.052 +/- 0.035 ml in Group A, 51 +/- 36 days and 0.059 +/- 0.032 ml in Group B, and 32 +/- 10 days and 0.056 +/- 0.038 ml in Group C, respectively. Our results indicate that citrate or polygeline can replace heparin effectively as a filling solution for single lumen temporary hemodialysis catheters.

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Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): AJN

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Am J Nephrol

Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.0250-8095

Title: American Journal of Nephrology

Publisher: S. Karger AG

ISSN (Print): 0250-8095

ISSN (Electronic): 1421-9670

Publication date Subscription-year: 2001

Publication date (Print): June 2001

Publication date (Electronic): 25 June 2001

Volume: 21

Issue: 3

Pages: 226-231

Affiliations

^aDepartment of Medicine, and ^bDivision of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colo., USA

Article

Publisher ID: 46252 Other ID: Am J Nephrol 2001;21:226–231

DOI: 10.1159/000046252

PubMed ID: 11423693

SO-VID: 3bf10701-0af1-47a0-a70a-3469314659f2

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Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

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A Case Review: Anticoagulation in Hemodialysis Patients with Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

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Karger: Nephrology

Most cited references 1

Filling hemodialysis catheters in the interdialytic period: heparin versus citrate versus polygeline: a prospective randomized study.

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