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      The Emerging Role of Sperm-Associated Antigen 6 Gene in the Microtubule Function of Cells and Cancer

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          Abstract

          Accumulated evidence shows that sperm-associated antigen 6 (SPAG6) gene has multiple biological functions. It maintains the normal function of a variety of cells including ciliary/flagellar biogenesis and polarization, neurogenesis, and neuronal migration. Moreover, SPAG6 is found to be critically involved in auditory transduction and the fibroblast life cycle. Furthermore, SPAG6 plays an essential role in immuno-regulation. Notably, SPAG6 has been demonstrated to participate in the occurrence and progression of a variety of human cancers. New evidence shows that SPAG6 gene regulates tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis. Therefore, in this review, we describe the physiological function and mechanism of SPAG6 in human normal cells and cancer cells. We also highlight that SPAG6 gene may be an effective biomarker for the diagnosis of human cancer. Taken together, targeting SPAG6 could be a novel strategy for the treatment of human diseases including cancer.

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          Extrinsic versus intrinsic apoptosis pathways in anticancer chemotherapy.

          S Fulda, K-M Debatin (2006)
          Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a key regulator of physiological growth control and regulation of tissue homeostasis. One of the most important advances in cancer research in recent years is the recognition that cell death mostly by apoptosis is crucially involved in the regulation of tumor formation and also critically determines treatment response. Killing of tumor cells by most anticancer strategies currently used in clinical oncology, for example, chemotherapy, gamma-irradiation, suicide gene therapy or immunotherapy, has been linked to activation of apoptosis signal transduction pathways in cancer cells such as the intrinsic and/or extrinsic pathway. Thus, failure to undergo apoptosis may result in treatment resistance. Understanding the molecular events that regulate apoptosis in response to anticancer chemotherapy, and how cancer cells evade apoptotic death, provides novel opportunities for a more rational approach to develop molecular-targeted therapies for combating cancer.
          Article 0 comments Cited 628 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Prestin is the motor protein of cochlear outer hair cells.

            J Zheng, W. Shen, D He … (2000)
            The outer and inner hair cells of the mammalian cochlea perform different functions. In response to changes in membrane potential, the cylindrical outer hair cell rapidly alters its length and stiffness. These mechanical changes, driven by putative molecular motors, are assumed to produce amplification of vibrations in the cochlea that are transduced by inner hair cells. Here we have identified an abundant complementary DNA from a gene, designated Prestin, which is specifically expressed in outer hair cells. Regions of the encoded protein show moderate sequence similarity to pendrin and related sulphate/anion transport proteins. Voltage-induced shape changes can be elicited in cultured human kidney cells that express prestin. The mechanical response of outer hair cells to voltage change is accompanied by a 'gating current', which is manifested as nonlinear capacitance. We also demonstrate this nonlinear capacitance in transfected kidney cells. We conclude that prestin is the motor protein of the cochlear outer hair cell.
            Article 0 comments Cited 252 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Dishevelled controls apical docking and planar polarization of basal bodies in ciliated epithelial cells.

              Tae Joo Park, Brian J Mitchell, Philip B Abitua … (2008)
              The planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling system governs many aspects of polarized cell behavior. Here, we use an in vivo model of vertebrate mucociliary epithelial development to show that Dishevelled (Dvl) is essential for the apical positioning of basal bodies. We find that Dvl and Inturned mediate the activation of the Rho GTPase specifically at basal bodies, and that these three proteins together mediate the docking of basal bodies to the apical plasma membrane. Moreover, we find that this docking involves a Dvl-dependent association of basal bodies with membrane-bound vesicles and the vesicle-trafficking protein, Sec8. Once docked, basal bodies again require Dvl and Rho for the planar polarization that underlies directional beating of cilia. These results demonstrate previously undescribed functions for PCP signaling components and suggest that a common signaling apparatus governs both apical docking and planar polarization of basal bodies.
              Article 0 comments Cited 146 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Da-Min Chai
                Z. Peter Wang
                Yi-Sheng Tao
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Mol Ther Oncolytics
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Mol Ther Oncolytics
                Title: Molecular Therapy Oncolytics
                Publisher: American Society of Gene & Cell Therapy
                ISSN (Electronic): 2372-7705
                Publication date PMC-release: 10 September 2019
                Publication date Collection: 20 December 2019
                Publication date (Electronic): 10 September 2019
                Volume: 15
                Pages: 101-107
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
                [2 ]Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
                [3 ]Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
                Author notes
                [∗ ]Corresponding author: Yi-Sheng Tao, Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China. taoyishengbbyxy@ 123456163.com
                [∗∗ ]Corresponding author: Da-Min Chai, Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China. msautumn@ 123456163.com
                [∗∗∗ ]Corresponding author: Z. Peter Wang, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. zwang6@ 123456bidmc.harvard.edu
                [4]

                These authors contributed equally to this work.

                Article
                Publisher ID: S2372-7705(19)30082-8
                DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2019.08.011
                PMC ID: 6807308
                PubMed ID: 31660426
                SO-VID: 3bf4aef2-e0b1-4669-9722-077312095038
                Copyright © © 2019 The Author(s)
                License:

                This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: spag6,microtubule,apoptosis,cancer,proliferation
                Data availability:
                Keywords: spag6, microtubule, apoptosis, cancer, proliferation

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