The overall purpose of this study was to understand the process of coping with the news of abnormal cervical cancer screening results. The specific aims were (1) to compare women's uncertainty about the implications of abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) tests and women's psychological distress over time and (2) to describe relationships among uncertainty, perceived coping ability, coping strategies that were used and helpful, and psychological distress. Seventy-five women were interviewed using standardized measures after hearing the news of their abnormal Paps tests; 40 completed similar questionnaires before follow-up colposcopy, and 35 of these also completed questionnaires after colposcopy. Women's uncertainty about abnormal Pap test results decreased over time. Negative mood scores, reflecting psychological distress, did not change over time. Uncertainty about Pap tests, ambiguity about cancer, and perceived inability to deal with Pap test results were related positively. Uncertainty was related positively to the coping strategy of catharsis as well as to negative mood scores both after receiving the news and precolposcopy. Catharsis was associated with higher negative mood scores, but acceptance was associated with lower negative mood scores. The helpfulness of relaxation and diversion was associated with lower negative mood scores. Clinical interventions can address women's uncertainty and promote coping strategies to reduce psychological distress among women with abnormal cervical cancer screening results.