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      Review on the Current State of Diacylglycerol Production Using Enzymatic Approach

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          Annual medical spending attributable to obesity: payer-and service-specific estimates.

          In 1998 the medical costs of obesity were estimated to be as high as $78.5 billion, with roughly half financed by Medicare and Medicaid. This analysis presents updated estimates of the costs of obesity for the United States across payers (Medicare, Medicaid, and private insurers), in separate categories for inpatient, non-inpatient, and prescription drug spending. We found that the increased prevalence of obesity is responsible for almost $40 billion of increased medical spending through 2006, including $7 billion in Medicare prescription drug costs. We estimate that the medical costs of obesity could have risen to $147 billion per year by 2008.
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            Bubble column reactors

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              Mechanisms linking obesity and cancer.

              The incidence of obesity in US adults has been steadily increasing over the past few decades. Many comorbidities associated with obesity have been well-established such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. However, more recently an epidemiological relationship between obesity and the prevalence of a variety of cancers has also been uncovered. The shift of the paradigm surrounding white adipose tissue function from purely an energy storage tissue, to one that has both endocrine and metabolic relevance, has led to several mechanisms implicated in how obesity drives cancer prevalence and cancer deaths. Currently, there are four categories into which these mechanisms fall - increased lipids and lipid signaling, inflammatory responses, insulin resistance, and adipokines. In this review, we examine each of these categories and the mechanisms through which they drive cancer pathogenesis. Understanding the relationship(s) between obesity and cancer and especially the nodal points of control in these cascades will be essential in developing effective therapeutics or interventions for combating this deadly combination. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Lipid Metabolism in Cancer. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Food and Bioprocess Technology
                Food Bioprocess Technol
                Springer Science and Business Media LLC
                1935-5130
                1935-5149
                June 2015
                March 26 2015
                June 2015
                : 8
                : 6
                : 1169-1186
                Article
                10.1007/s11947-015-1505-0
                3c7c9509-b03d-41b0-a645-9da19fde07ff
                © 2015

                http://www.springer.com/tdm

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