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      Cambios en el estado nutricional, composición corporal y sintomatología asociada en pacientes hospitalizados sometidos a trasplante de médula ósea: estudio longitudinal prospectivo Translated title: Changes in nutritional status, body composition and associated symptomatology in hospitalized patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation: prospective longitudinal study

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción Los pacientes sometidos a Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas o trasplante de médula padecen varias complicaciones nutricionales. El objetivo del estudio fue realizar una descripción prospectiva en estos pacientes. Material y Métodos Se reclutaron 14 pacientes con una edad media de 48,0±9,8 años. Resultados El 28,6% padecía sobrepeso, el 14,3% obesidad y el 57,1% tenía un peso normal, con una evolución entre -0,3±0,3kg/m2 (normopeso) hasta -3,1±0,2kg/m2 (obesidad). Se observó una pérdida de peso variable, de hasta 7,3±0,7% en pacientes con mayor Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC). La composición corporal también empeoró al alta, con una evolución de la circunferencia braquial de -1,7±0,4cm en trasplantes alogénicos y -2±4,5cm en trasplantes autólogos. Un 42,9% de hombres y 28,6% de mujeres eran dados de alta con un Índice de Masa Libre de Grasa (IMLG) por debajo de las recomendaciones, incrementándose desde el ingreso en hombres (desde un 14,3%). Se observa una pérdida de fuerza muscular, en trasplantes alogénicos de -5,0±1,5kg en el caso de hombres, y -3,0±0,5kg en mujeres; en autólogos, de -5kg y -4kg respectivamente. Sobre síntomas, al inicio existía una alta prevalencia de vómitos (71,4%), náuseas (42,9%) o saciedad temprana (57,1%); durante la hospitalización, destaca la saciedad temprana (92,9%), náuseas (71,4%), vómitos (71,4%), disgeusia (57,1%), diarrea (50%) y anorexia (50%). Conclusiones Los pacientes admitidos para trasplante de médula ósea están aparentemente bien nutridos, y existe un deterioro durante la hospitalización; parece adecuado implementar estrategias dietéticas durante la hospitalización para optimizar la ingesta y prevenir la malnutrición.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction Patients undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cells Transplant or marrow transplantation have several nutritional complications. The objective of the study was to track a description prospectively in hospitalized patients for a transplantation. Material and Methods 14 patients with an average age of 48.0±9.8 years were recruited. Results 28.6% were overweight, 14.3% obese and 57.1% were normally weighted, with an evolution between -0.3±0.3kg/m2 (normoweight) to -3.1±0.2kg/m2 (obesity). Variable weight loss of up to 7.3±0.7% was observed in patients with higher Body Mass Index (BMI). Body composition also worsened to hospital discharge, with an evolution of brachial circumference of -1.7±0.4cm in allogeneic transplantation and -2±4.5cm in autologous transplantation. A 42.9% of men and 28.6% of women were discharged with an Fat Free Mass Index (FFMI) below the recommendations, increasing from admission in men (from 14.3%). A loss of muscle strength is observed, in allogeneic transplantation of -5.0±1.5kg in the case of men, and -3.0±0.5kg in women; -5kg and -4kg, respectively. About adverse effects, there was a high prevalence of vomiting (71.4%), nausea (42.9%) early satiety (57.1%); during hospitalization, highlights early satiety (92.9%), nausea (71.4%), vomiting (71.4%), dysgeusia (57.1%), diarrhoea (50%) anorexia (50%). Conclusions Patients admitted to bone marrow transplantation are apparently well nourished, and there is a deterioration during hospitalization; it seems appropriate to implement dietary strategies during hospitalization to optimize intake and prevent malnutrition.

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          Diagnostic criteria for malnutrition - An ESPEN Consensus Statement.

          To provide a consensus-based minimum set of criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition to be applied independent of clinical setting and aetiology, and to unify international terminology.
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            Cutoff percentiles of bioelectrical phase angle predict functionality, quality of life, and mortality in patients with cancer.

            The bioelectrical phase angle has shown predictive potential in various diseases, but general cutoffs are lacking in the clinical setting. This study evaluated the prognostic value of the fifth percentile of sex-, age-, and body mass index-stratified phase angle reference values in patients with cancer with respect to nutritional and functional status, quality of life, and 6-mo mortality. In a second step, we also studied the effect of the standardized phase angle (with a z score to determine individual deviations from the population average) on these variables. A total of 399 patients with cancer were studied. Phase angle was obtained with bioelectrical impedance analysis; muscle function was assessed by handgrip strength and peak expiratory flow. Quality of life was determined by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer questionnaire. Nutritional status was assessed by using Subjective Global Assessment. Survival of patients was documented after 6 mo. Patients with a phase angle of less than the fifth reference percentile had significantly lower nutritional and functional status, impaired quality of life (P lt 0.0001), and increased mortality (P lt 0.001). The standardized phase angle emerged as a significant predictor for malnutrition and impaired functional status in generalized linear model regression analyses. It was also a stronger indicator of 6-mo survival than were malnutrition and disease severity in the Cox regression model (P lt 0.0001) and according to the receiver operating characteristic curve. The standardized phase angle is an independent predictor for impaired nutritional and functional status and survival. The fifth phase angle reference percentile is a simple and prognostically relevant cutoff for detection of patients with cancer at risk for these factors.
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              Role of nutritional status in predicting quality of life outcomes in cancer – a systematic review of the epidemiological literature

              Malnutrition is a significant factor in predicting cancer patients’ quality of life (QoL). We systematically reviewed the literature on the role of nutritional status in predicting QoL in cancer. We searched MEDLINE database using the terms “nutritional status” in combination with “quality of life” together with “cancer”. Human studies published in English, having nutritional status as one of the predictor variables, and QoL as one of the outcome measures were included. Of the 26 included studies, 6 investigated head and neck cancer, 8 gastrointestinal, 1 lung, 1 gynecologic and 10 heterogeneous cancers. 24 studies concluded that better nutritional status was associated with better QoL, 1 study showed that better nutritional status was associated with better QoL only in high-risk patients, while 1 study concluded that there was no association between nutritional status and QoL. Nutritional status is a strong predictor of QoL in cancer patients. We recommend that more providers implement the American Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) guidelines for oncology patients, which includes nutritional screening, nutritional assessment and intervention as appropriate. Correcting malnutrition may improve QoL in cancer patients, an important outcome of interest to cancer patients, their caregivers, and families.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                renhyd
                Revista Española de Nutrición Humana y Dietética
                Rev Esp Nutr Hum Diet
                Academia Española de Nutrición y Dietética (Pamplona, Navarra, Spain )
                2173-1292
                2174-5145
                June 2021
                : 25
                : 2
                : 154-164
                Affiliations
                [5] Madrid Madrid orgnameUniversidad Carlos III de Madrid orgdiv1Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC) Spain
                [1] Paterna Valencia orgnameUniversitat de Valencia orgdiv1Institut Universitari de Ciència dels Materials (ICMUV) orgdiv2Food & Health Lab Spain
                [3] València orgnameHospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe orgdiv1Departament d’Endocrinologia i Nutrició España
                [2] València orgnameInstitut d’Investigació Sanitària La Fe (IIS La Fe) orgdiv1Unitat Mixta d’Investigació en Endocrinologia, Nutrició i Dietètica Clínica España
                [4] València orgnameHospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe orgdiv1Departament d’Hematologia España
                Article
                S2174-51452021000200154 S2174-5145(21)02500200154
                10.14306/renhyd.25.2.1098
                3c8a8b40-5e42-4886-8bbb-5e9a9dc569af

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 19 September 2020
                : 08 July 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 29, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Investigaciones

                Adverse effects,Body Composition,Bone Marrow Transplantation,Nutritional Status,Composición Corporal,Trasplante de Médula Ósea,Estado Nutricional,Efectos secundarios

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