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      Label-free Electrochemical Immunosensors for Viruses and Antibodies Detection-Review

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          Abstract

          This article reviews the electrochemical immunosensors developed by the successive modification of gold as well as glassy carbon electrodes. Antibody or antigen fragments have been applied as the sensing elements. The complex between virions and specific antibody adsorbing on a surface of an electrode forms an insulating layer. This phenomenon, which is a base of ion-channel mimetic type of immunosensors, can be monitored by Osteryoung square-wave vol-tammetry (OSWV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in the presence of [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- as a redox marker. Another type of immunosensors are based on redox active layers incorporated di-pyrromethene -Cu(II) or phenanthroline - Epoxy - Fe(III) complexes. Changes of electrochemical parameters of redox centres upon target analyte binding are the basis of analytical signal generation. Both type of immunosensors displayed better sensitivity in comparison to ELISA as well as being very selective. The matrix has no influence on the immunosensors performance. These devices could be recommended for the direct electrochemical detection of viruses as well as antibodies in physiological samples.

          Translated abstract

          Este artículo presenta una revisión acerca de inmunosensores electroquímicos desarrollados mediante la modificación sucesiva de oro así como de electrodos de carbón vítreo. Como elementos sensores, se incorporaron fragmentos de antígenos o anticuerpos a las superficies. El complejo formado entre los viriones y los anticuerpos específicamente adsorbidos sobre el electrodo genera una capa aislante. Este fenómeno, el cual es fundamental para la operación de inmunosensores miméticos de canales iónicos, puede ser monitoreado por voltamperometría de onda cuadrada de Osteryoung y por espectroscopía de impedancia electroquímica en presencia de [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- como marcador redox. Otro tipo de inmunosensores presentados está basado en capas electroactivas incorporadas como complejos de di-pirrometheno-Cu(II) o fenantrolina-epoxi-Fe(III). Los cambios en los parámetros electroquímicos de los centros redox durante el enlace de los analitos objeto es la base de la generación de señales analíticas. Ambos tipos de inmunosensores mostraron mejor sensibilidad al compararlos con pruebas tipo ELISA así como una alta selectividad. No se observó influencia de la matriz en el desempeño de los inmunosensores. Dichos dispositivos pueden ser recomendados para la detección electroquímica de virus así como de anticuerpos en muestras fisiológicas.

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          Most cited references27

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          Electrochemical Methods Fundamentals and Applications

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            Direct simulation of electron transfer reactions in DNA radical cations.

            The electron transfer properties of DNA radical cations are important in DNA damage and repair processes. Fast long-range charge transfer has been demonstrated experimentally, but the subtle influences that experimental conditions as well as DNA sequences and geometries have on the details of electron transfer parameters are still poorly understood. In this work, we employ an atomistic QM/MM approach, based on a one-electron tight binding Hamiltonian and a classical molecular mechanics forcefield, to conduct nanosecond length MD simulations of electron holes in DNA oligomers. Multiple spontaneous electron transfer events were observed in 100 ns simulations with neighboring adenine or guanine bases. Marcus parameters of charge transfer could be extracted directly from the simulations. The reorganization energy lambda for hopping between neighboring bases was found to be ca. 25 kcal/mol and charge transfer rates of 4.1 x 10(9) s(-1) for AA hopping and 1.3 x 10(9) s(-1) for GG hopping were obtained.
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              Electroanalytical chemistry

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                jmcs
                Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society
                J. Mex. Chem. Soc
                Sociedad Química de México A.C.
                1870-249X
                December 2015
                : 59
                : 4
                : 269-275
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Polish Academy of Sciences Polonia
                Article
                S1870-249X2015000400004
                3c8ada74-944c-485f-b47d-0b6a84a7a27d

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                Categories
                Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

                General chemistry
                inmunosensores electroquímicas,modificación de electrodos,monocapas electroactivas,detección de virus,detección de anticuerpos,matrices naturales,electrochemical immunosensors,electrode modification,redox active monolayers,viruses detection,antibodies detection,natural matrixes

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