RIESGO SEXUAL EN ADOLESCENTES SEGÚN LA EDAD DE DEBUT SEXUAL <span class="so-article-trans-title" dir="auto"> Translated title: SEXUAL RISK IN ADOLESCENTS DEPENDING ON THE AGE OF SEXUAL DEBUT </span> <span class="so-article-trans-title" dir="auto"> Translated title: RISCO SEXUAL EM ADOLESCENTES DE ACORDO COM A IDADE DE DEBUTE SEXUAL </span>

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Abstract

En España los jóvenes debutan sexualmente antes que en otros países; sin embargo, poco se sabe de la relación entre la edad de debut sexual y el comportamiento sexual en esta población. Se analizan las prácticas sexuales y el uso del preservativo según la edad de debut sexual en adolescentes españoles sexualmente experimentados (N = 351); la edad media fue 15.9 años (DT = .75, rango: 14-18). Se establecieron tres grupos a partir de la edad de debut sexual informada: debut sexual temprano (anterior a los 15 años), promedio (15 años) y tardío (posterior a los 15 años). El grupo con debut sexual temprano practicó en mayor medida masturbación mutua, coito vaginal y sexo oral, con un número de parejas sexuales superior al resto. El uso del preservativo en la primera relación sexual, el porcentaje de uso y el uso consistente del preservativo fue inferior en el grupo debut sexual temprano respecto a los otros dos. El debut sexual anterior a los 15 años se asoció con mayor riesgo de contraer infecciones sexuales por déficit en el uso del preservativo y mayor exposición sexual. Los hallazgos de este estudio sugieren que la edad de debut sexual tiene implicaciones en la salud sexual de los jóvenes.

Translated abstract

In Spain young people have their first sexual intercourse at an earlier age than in other countries; however, little is known about the relationship between age of sexual debut and sexual behavior in this population. Sexual practices and methods of protection are analyzed depending on the age of sexual debut among Spanish adolescents who are sexually experienced (N = 351). The mean age was 15.9 years (SD = .75, range: 14-18). Three groups were formed according to the age of sexual debut reported: early sexual debut (earlier than 15 years), average (15 years) and late (later than 15 years). The early sexual debut group reported further mutual masturbation, vaginal intercourse and oral sex with a higher number of sexual partners than the rest. Condom use at first intercourse, percentage of use and consistent condom use was significantly lower in the early sexual debut group compared to the others. Sexual debut before 15 years old was associated with increased risk of sexual infections, deficit in condom use and increased sexual exposure. The findings of this study suggest that the age of sexual debut has implications for the sexual health in young people.

Translated abstract

Na Espanha os jovens debutam sexualmente antes que em outros países; porém pouco se sabe com respeito à relação entre idade de debute sexual e o comportamento sexual nesta população. Analisam-se as práticas sexuais e o uso do preservativo segundo a idade de debute sexual em adolescentes espanhóis sexualmente experimentados (N = 351); a idade média foi 15.9 anos (DT = .75, faixa: 14-18). Estabeleceram-se três grupos a partir da idade de debute sexual informada: debute sexual precoce (anterior aos 15 anos), média (15 anos) e tardio (posterior aos 15 anos). O grupo com debute sexual precoce praticou em maior medida masturbação mútua, coito vaginal e sexo oral, com um número de parceiros sexuais superior ao resto. O uso do preservativo na primeira relação sexual, a porcentagem de uso e o uso consistente do preservativo foi inferior no grupo de debute sexual precoce com respeito aos outros dois. O debute sexual anterior aos 15 anos foi associado com maior risco de contrair infecções sexuais por déficit no uso do preservativo e maior exposição sexual. Os descobrimentos deste estudo sugerem que a idade de debute sexual tem implicações na saúde sexual dos jovens.

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Sexual behaviour in context: a global perspective.

Kaye Wellings, Martine Collumbien, Emma Slaymaker … (2006)

Research aimed at investigating sexual behaviour and assessing interventions to improve sexual health has increased in recent decades. The resulting data, despite regional differences in quantity and quality, provide a historically unique opportunity to describe patterns of sexual behaviour and their implications for attempts to protect sexual health at the beginning of the 21st century. In this paper we present original analyses of sexual behaviour data from 59 countries for which they were available. The data show substantial diversity in sexual behaviour by region and sex. No universal trend towards earlier sexual intercourse has occurred, but the shift towards later marriage in most countries has led to an increase in premarital sex, the prevalence of which is generally higher in developed countries than in developing countries, and is higher in men than in women. Monogamy is the dominant pattern everywhere, but having had two or more sexual partners in the past year is more common in men than in women, and reported rates are higher in industrialised than in non-industrialised countries. Condom use has increased in prevalence almost everywhere, but rates remain low in many developing countries. The huge regional variation indicates mainly social and economic determinants of sexual behaviour, which have implications for intervention. Although individual behaviour change is central to improving sexual health, efforts are also needed to address the broader determinants of sexual behaviour, particularly those that relate to the social context. The evidence from behavioural interventions is that no general approach to sexual-health promotion will work everywhere and no single-component intervention will work anywhere. Comprehensive behavioural interventions are needed that take account of the social context in mounting individual-level programmes, attempt to modify social norms to support uptake and maintenance of behaviour change, and tackle the structural factors that contribute to risky sexual behaviour.