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      Retos de la nutrición y la dietética en la diversidad sexual y de género Translated title: Challenges of nutrition and dietetics in sexual and gender diversity

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          Transgender people: health at the margins of society.

          In this paper we examine the social and legal conditions in which many transgender people (often called trans people) live, and the medical perspectives that frame the provision of health care for transgender people across much of the world. Modern research shows much higher numbers of transgender people than were apparent in earlier clinic-based studies, as well as biological factors associated with gender incongruence. We examine research showing that many transgender people live on the margins of society, facing stigma, discrimination, exclusion, violence, and poor health. They often experience difficulties accessing appropriate health care, whether specific to their gender needs or more general in nature. Some governments are taking steps to address human rights issues and provide better legal protection for transgender people, but this action is by no means universal. The mental illness perspective that currently frames health-care provision for transgender people across much of the world is under scrutiny. The WHO diagnostic manual may soon abandon its current classification of transgender people as mentally disordered. Debate exists as to whether there should be a diagnosis of any sort for transgender children below the age of puberty.
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            Tobacco use among sexual minorities in the USA, 1987 to May 2007: a systematic review.

            This paper examines the prevalence of tobacco use among sexual minorities in the US through a systematic review of literature from 1987 to May 2007. Seven databases were searched for peer-reviewed research (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Library via Wiley InterScience, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), Health Source: Nursing/Academic, Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Science, PsycINFO via EBSCO Host and PubMed). No language restrictions were used. Abstracts were identified in the literature search (n = 734) and were independently read and coded for inclusion or exclusion by two reviewers. When agreement was not reached, a third reviewer acted as arbitrator. Abstracts were included if they presented data collected in the US from 1987 to May 2007 and reported prevalence or correlation of tobacco use with sexual minority status. Studies reporting data from HIV-positive samples were excluded. The identified articles (n = 46) were independently read by two reviewers who recorded key outcome measures, including prevalence and/or odds ratios of tobacco use, sample size and domain of sexuality (identity, behaviour, or desire). Factors relating to study design and methodology were used to assess study quality according to nine criteria. In the 42 included studies, 119 measures of tobacco prevalence or association were reported. The available evidence points to disparities in smoking among sexual minorities that are significantly higher than among the general population. Ongoing, targeted interventions addressing smoking among sexual minorities are warranted in tobacco control programs.
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              Health Inequities in LGBT People and Nursing Interventions to Reduce Them: A Systematic Review.

              Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people present poorer mental and physical health results compared to the heterosexual and cisgender population. There are barriers in the healthcare system that increase these health inequities.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                renhyd
                Revista Española de Nutrición Humana y Dietética
                Rev Esp Nutr Hum Diet
                Academia Española de Nutrición y Dietética (Pamplona, Navarra, Spain )
                2173-1292
                2174-5145
                December 2022
                : 26
                : 4
                : 242-245
                Affiliations
                [8] Valencia Valencia orgnameUniversitat Politécnica de Valencia orgdiv1Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos Spain
                [2] Concepción Bío-Bío orgnameUniversidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción orgdiv1Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Centro de Investigación en Educación y Desarrollo (CIEDE-UCSC) Chile
                [1] Barcelona orgnameInstitut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU) España
                [16] Granada orgnameInstituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.Granada) España
                [11] Ciudad de México orgnameEscuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey México
                [4] Madrid orgnameCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) España
                [3] León Castilla y León orgnameUniversidad de León orgdiv1Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED orgdiv2Grupo de Investigación en Interacciones Gen-Ambiente y Salud (GIIGAS) Spain
                [14] orgnameSecretaría de Salud orgdiv1Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Bajío orgdiv2Unidad de Metabolismo y Nutrición, Departamento de Investigación México
                [6] Vitoria-Gasteiz País Vasco orgnameUniversidad del País Vasco orgdiv1Facultad de Farmacia orgdiv2Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública Spain
                [9] San Cristóbal de La Laguna Santa Cruz de Tenerife orgnameUniversidad de La Laguna orgdiv1Facultad de Farmacia orgdiv2Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Área de Nutrición y Bromatología Spain
                [18] Alicante Valencia orgnameUniversidad Miguel Hernández de Elche orgdiv1Departamento de Patología y Cirugía orgdiv2Grupo de investigación en Terapia Ocupacional (InTeO) Spain
                [15] Ceuta Andalucía orgnameUniversidad de Granada orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de Ceuta orgdiv2Departamento de Enfermería Spain
                [5] Valencia Valencia orgnameUniversitat de Valencia orgdiv1Facultad de Farmacia orgdiv2Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Ciencias de la Alimentación, Toxicología y Medicina Legal Spain
                [7] Santiago Santiago de Chile orgnameUniversidad Diego Portales orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Centro de investigación Biomédica Chile
                [19] Alicante orgnameInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL) España
                [17] Ciudad de México orgnameInstituto Nacional de Geriatría orgdiv1Dirección de Investigación México
                [10] Ciudad de México orgnameNutrir México México
                [13] Monterrey Nuevo León orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León orgdiv1Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición Mexico
                [12] Madrid Madrid orgnameUniversidad de Alcalá de Henares orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud orgdiv2Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas Spain
                Article
                S2174-51452022000400242 S2174-5145(22)02600400242
                10.14306/renhyd.26.4.1853
                3cd882eb-ab75-4522-91c2-593d9df08ff1

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 14 December 2022
                : 15 December 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 20, Pages: 4
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                SciELO Spain

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