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      Serious games for health: three steps forwards

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          Abstract

          Serious games are educational tools which are more and more used in patient and health professional education. In this article, we discuss three main points that developers and educators need to address during the development of a serious game for health. We first explain how to develop motivating serious games by finding a point where the intrinsic and extrinsic motivations of end users can converge. Then, we propose to identify the features of serious games which enhance their learning effectiveness on the basis of a framework derived from cognitive science and called “the four pillars of learning.” Finally, we discuss issues and solutions related to the evaluation of serious games.

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          Most cited references38

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            Learning to predict by the methods of temporal differences

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              Temporal difference models and reward-related learning in the human brain.

              Temporal difference learning has been proposed as a model for Pavlovian conditioning, in which an animal learns to predict delivery of reward following presentation of a conditioned stimulus (CS). A key component of this model is a prediction error signal, which, before learning, responds at the time of presentation of reward but, after learning, shifts its response to the time of onset of the CS. In order to test for regions manifesting this signal profile, subjects were scanned using event-related fMRI while undergoing appetitive conditioning with a pleasant taste reward. Regression analyses revealed that responses in ventral striatum and orbitofrontal cortex were significantly correlated with this error signal, suggesting that, during appetitive conditioning, computations described by temporal difference learning are expressed in the human brain.

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                +0033176530100 , david.drummond@ilumens.org
                alice.hadchouel-duverge@aphp.fr
                antoine.tesniere@ilumens.org
                Journal
                Adv Simul (Lond)
                Adv Simul (Lond)
                Advances in Simulation
                BioMed Central (London )
                2059-0628
                4 February 2017
                4 February 2017
                2017
                : 2
                : 3
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2188 0914, GRID grid.10992.33, Ilumens Simulation Department, , Paris Descartes University, ; 45 rue des Saint Pères, 75006 Paris, France
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2175 4109, GRID grid.50550.35, Pediatric Pulmonology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, , Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, ; 149 rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
                [3 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2175 4109, GRID grid.50550.35, Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Cochin Hospital, , Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, ; 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
                Article
                36
                10.1186/s41077-017-0036-3
                5806236
                29450004
                3cde0cb0-bbaa-49b2-aae6-686cc19808ed
                © The Author(s) 2017

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                : 6 September 2016
                : 11 January 2017
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002738, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris;
                Award ID: Année médaille
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
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                © The Author(s) 2017

                video game,health education,patient education,medical education

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