Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in non-smokers

Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Tobacco smoking is established as a major risk factor, but emerging evidence suggests that other risk factors are important, especially in developing countries. An estimated 25-45% of patients with COPD have never smoked; the burden of non-smoking COPD is therefore much higher than previously believed. About 3 billion people, half the worldwide population, are exposed to smoke from biomass fuel compared with 1.01 billion people who smoke tobacco, which suggests that exposure to biomass smoke might be the biggest risk factor for COPD globally. We review the evidence for the association of COPD with biomass fuel, occupational exposure to dusts and gases, history of pulmonary tuberculosis, chronic asthma, respiratory-tract infections during childhood, outdoor air pollution, and poor socioeconomic status.

Journal

Title: The Lancet

Abbreviated Title: The Lancet

Publisher: Elsevier BV

ISSN (Print): 01406736

Publication date Created: August 2009

Publication date (Print): August 2009

Volume: 374

Issue: 9691

Pages: 733-743

Article

DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61303-9

PubMed ID: 19716966

Copyright statement: © 2009

License:

https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

Product

Self URI (article page): https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140673609613039