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      Burden of intestinal helminths and associated factors three years after initiation of mass drug administration in Arbaminch Zuria district, Southern Ethiopia

      research-article
      1 , , 2 , 3
      BMC Infectious Diseases
      BioMed Central
      Prevalence, Helminth, School age children

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          Abstract

          Background

          Epidemiological information on the burden of various parasitic infections and associated factors in different localities is indispensable to develop appropriate control and prevention measures as well as to monitor and evaluate existing programs. Hence the aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of intestinal helminths among school age children in Arbaminch Zuria district, Southern Ethiopia.

          Methods

          A community based cross-sectional study was conducted by recruiting 391 primary school age children. Participants were selected using simple random sampling technique. Pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect data about socio-demographic characteristics and perceived factors associated with intestinal parasitosis. Stool microscopic examination was done following standard protocol. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 22.

          Results

          Among 391 children participated, 181 (46.3%; 95% CI: 41.9–51.5) were infected with intestinal helminths. The magnitudes of single and double infections were 40.2% and 6.1% respectively. Seven helminths were detected among which Ascaris lumbricoides was with the highest frequency (56, 14.3%) followed by hookworms (55, 14.1%). Not washing fruits and vegetables before consumption (AOR = 2.16; 95%CI: 1.10–4.25, p = 0.026) and habit of swimming (AOR = 1.17; 95%CI: 1.03–1.95, p = 0.045) were significantly associated with helminthic infection.

          Conclusion

          High prevalence of intestinal helminthic infections among school age children demands integration of deworming with water, hygiene and sanitation as well as consistent health education.

          Electronic supplementary material

          The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3330-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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          Most cited references23

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          Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated risk factors among students at Dona Berber primary school, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

          Background Intestinal parasitic infections are still one of the major health concerns in developing countries. Monitoring of intestinal parasitic infection and associated risk factors are essential for intervention strategies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection and associated risk factors among students at Dona Berber primary school, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Methods School based cross-sectional study was conducted among students at Dona Berber primary school from October 2015 to June 2016. Three hundred fifty nine students were involved in the study by providing stool specimens and detailed personal information. Students were selected by stratified and systematic random sampling method. Fresh stool samples were collected from each student and processed by formal-ether fecal concentration technique. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 statistical software and p value <0.05 were used as statistically significant. Results Among the 359 students participated in the study, 235 (65.5%) were infected by one or more intestinal parasites. The rates of single and double parasitic infections among students were 49.6% and 16.2%, respectively. The most prevalent parasite detected in the study was E. histolytica/dispar (24.5%) followed by hookworm (22.8%). Among the different variables assessed in the study, family size of 6 (AOR = 4.90; 95% CI, 2.03–11.83), irregularly shoe wearing habit (AOR = 2.85; 95% CI, 1.53–5.32) and unclean finger nail (AOR = 3.68; 95% CI, 1.87–7.26) were independently predict intestinal parasitic infections. Student drinking well water (AOR = 2.51; 95% CI, 2.30–4.86) and unclean finger nail (AOR = 4.42; 95% CI, 2.55–7.65) were strongly associated with E. histolytica/dispar infection. Likewise, irregular shoe wearing habit (AOR = 14.13; 95% CI, 7.06–28.29) was strongly associated with hookworm infections. Conclusion High prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among the study participants demands improvement of health education, environmental sanitation and quality of water sources.
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            Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among highland and lowland dwellers in Gamo area, South Ethiopia

            Background Epidemiological information on the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in different regions is a prerequisite to develop appropriate control strategies. Therefore, this present study was conducted to assess the magnitude and pattern of intestinal parasitism in highland and lowland dwellers in Gamo area, South Ethiopia. Methods Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2010 and July 2011 at Lante, Kolla Shelle, Dorze and Geressie kebeles of Gamo Gofa Zone, South Ethiopia. The study sites and study participants were selected using multistage sampling method. Data were gathered through house-to-house survey. A total of 858 stool specimens were collected and processed using direct wet mount and formol-ether concentration techniques for the presence of parasite. Results Out of the total examined subjects, 342(39.9%) were found positive for at least one intestinal parasite. The prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica/dispar was the highest 98(11.4%), followed by Giardia lamblia 91(10.6%), Ascaris lumbricoides 67(7.8%), Strongyloides stercoralis 51(5.9%), hookworm 42(4.9%), Trichuris trichiura 24(2.8%), Taenia species 18(2.1%), Hymenolepis nana 7(0.6%) and Schistosoma mansoni 1(0.12%). No statistically significant difference was observed in the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among lowland (37.9%) and highland dwellers (42.3%) (P = 0.185). The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was not significantly different among the study sites but it was relatively higher in Geressie (42.8%) than other kebeles. Sex was not associated with parasitic infections (P = 0.481). No statistically significant difference of infection was observed among the age groups (P = 0.228) but it was higher in reproductive age group. Conclusions The high prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among the lowland and highland dwellers in Gamo area indicated that parasitic infections are important public health problems. Thus, infection control measures and the development of awareness strategies to improve sanitation and health education should be considered.
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              Prevalence of intestinal helminthic infections and malnutrition among schoolchildren of the Zegie Peninsula, northwestern Ethiopia.

              A cross-sectional study involving 408 schoolchildren was performed from November 2013 to February 2014 to assess the prevalence of intestinal helminthic infections and malnutrition among schoolchildren of the Zegie Peninsula, northwestern Ethiopia. A structured questionnaire was used to gather data on the demographic and risk factors associated with intestinal helminthic infections. Stool samples were collected and examined for helminth eggs using the formalin-ether concentration technique. In addition, anthropometric measurements were performed to assess the nutritional status of the schoolchildren. The overall prevalence of intestinal helminthic infections in the study area was 69.1%. Single, double, triple, and quadruple infections were 42.2%, 18.4%, 5.9%, and 0.7%, respectively. The prevalence of hookworm, Schistosoma mansoni, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Hymenolepis nana, and Strongyloides stercoralis infections were 43.4%, 29.9%, 12.7%, 10%, 4.6%, and 0.7%, respectively. The prevalence of malnutrition in terms of stunting, being underweight, and wasting were 15.3%, 18%, and 27.6%, respectively. However, no significant association was found between intestinal helminthic infections and stunting, being underweight and wasting (p>0.05). It can be concluded that intestinal helminthic infections, specifically infections due to hookworm and S. mansoni, are important health problems among schoolchildren of the Zegie Peninsula.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                getanehmlt@gmail.com
                zelekeaschalew@gmail.com , zeleke.aschalew@amu.edu.et
                eshetuamu@gmail.com , eshetu.zerihun@amu.edu.et
                Journal
                BMC Infect Dis
                BMC Infect. Dis
                BMC Infectious Diseases
                BioMed Central (London )
                1471-2334
                29 August 2018
                29 August 2018
                2018
                : 18
                : 435
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0439 5951, GRID grid.442845.b, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, , Bahir Dar University, ; Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
                [2 ]GRID grid.442844.a, Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, , Arba Minch University, ; Arba Minch, Ethiopia
                [3 ]GRID grid.442844.a, Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, , Arba Minch University, ; Arba Minch, Ethiopia
                Article
                3330
                10.1186/s12879-018-3330-3
                6114701
                30157789
                3d11405b-a957-40ae-9566-efb0c0f3c031
                © The Author(s). 2018

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                : 22 March 2018
                : 15 August 2018
                Categories
                Research Article
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2018

                Infectious disease & Microbiology
                prevalence,helminth,school age children
                Infectious disease & Microbiology
                prevalence, helminth, school age children

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