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      Análisis comparativo de la sensibilidad del escáner rSPECT usando GAMOS: nueva interfaz de Geant4 Translated title: Comparative analysis of the scanner rSPECT sensitivity: using GAMOS a newGeant4-based framework

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          Abstract

          La obtención de imágenes moleculares de procesos celulares in vivo mediante estudios preclínicos con animales y técnica SPECT constituye una de las razones fundamentales para el diseño de nuevos dispositivos con resolución espacial mínima. Como herramienta auxiliar, la simulación vía Monte Carlo ha permitido la caracterización y optimización de dichos sistemas de imagen médica de manera efectiva. Actualmente, se cuenta con una nueva plataforma de simulación llamada GAMOS (GEANT4-based Architecture for Medicine-Oriented Simulations); herramienta, cuyo código, librerías y método de transporte de partículas corresponden a los desarrollados por GEANT4, la cual contiene aplicaciones específicas de medicina nuclear. Esta herramienta ha sido validada mediante comparación con datos experimentales para la técnica PET, no siendo así con la técnica SPECT. El presente trabajo demuestra las potencialidades de GAMOS para generar datos simulados realistas con este tipo de técnica de imagen nuclear. Para ello se realizó la simulación de una instalación novedosa, "rSPECT", dedicada al estudio con roedores que fue previamente validada experimentalmente. El estudio comprendió las geometrías de colimación y detección, así como las características fundamentales de las mediciones experimentales publicadas para la instalación rSPECT: estudios con <img width=31 height=17 id="_x0000_i1042" src="http://img/revistas/nuc/n51/img/e01035112.jpg" alt="http://img/revistas/nuc/n51/img/e01035112.jpg">y una ventana energética del 20%. Los valores de sensibilidad obtenidos mediante simulación mostraron coincidencia aceptable con los valores experimentales. Se concluye que la simulación muestra buena concordancia con los datos reales lo que permite estimar el comportamiento de la nueva plataforma de simulación de GEANT4 "GAMOS" en aplicaciones SPECT y demuestra, que es factible la reproducción de sus datos experimentales.

          Translated abstract

          The molecular imaging of in vivo cellular processes using preclinical animal studies and SPECT technique is one of the main reasons for the design of new devices with high spatial resolution. As an auxiliary tool, Monte Carlo simulation has allowed the effective characterization and optimization of those medical imaging systems. At present there is a new simulation framework called GAMOS (GEANT4-based Architecture for Medicine-Oriented Simulations); which code, libraries and particle transport method correspond to those developed by GEANT4 and contains specific applications for nuclear medicine. This tool has been already validated for PET technique by comparison with experimental data, while not yet been done the correct evaluation of GAMOS for SPECT systems. Present work have demonstrated the potential of GAMOS in obtaining simulated realistic data using this nuclear imaging technique. For this purpose, simulation of a novel installation "rSPECT", devote to study rodents, has been done. The study comprises the collimation and detection geometries and the fundamental characteristics of the previuos published experimental measurements for rSPECT installation. Studies have been done using <img width=31 height=17 id="_x0000_i1041" src="http://img/revistas/nuc/n51/img/e01035112.jpg" alt="http://img/revistas/nuc/n51/img/e01035112.jpg">and 20% energy window. Sensitivity values obtained by simulation revealed an acceptable agreement with experimental values. Therefore we can conclude that simulation results have shown good agreement with the real data. This fact allowed us to estimate the behavior of the new GEANT4 simulation platform "GAMOS" in SPECT applications and have demonstrated the feasibility of reproducing experimental data.

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          GATE: a simulation toolkit for PET and SPECT.

          Monte Carlo simulation is an essential tool in emission tomography that can assist in the design of new medical imaging devices, the optimization of acquisition protocols and the development or assessment of image reconstruction algorithms and correction techniques. GATE, the Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission, encapsulates the Geant4 libraries to achieve a modular, versatile, scripted simulation toolkit adapted to the field of nuclear medicine. In particular, GATE allows the description of time-dependent phenomena such as source or detector movement, and source decay kinetics. This feature makes it possible to simulate time curves under realistic acquisition conditions and to test dynamic reconstruction algorithms. This paper gives a detailed description of the design and development of GATE by the OpenGATE collaboration, whose continuing objective is to improve, document and validate GATE by simulating commercially available imaging systems for PET and SPECT. Large effort is also invested in the ability and the flexibility to model novel detection systems or systems still under design. A public release of GATE licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License can be downloaded at http:/www-lphe.epfl.ch/GATE/. Two benchmarks developed for PET and SPECT to test the installation of GATE and to serve as a tutorial for the users are presented. Extensive validation of the GATE simulation platform has been started, comparing simulations and measurements on commercially available acquisition systems. References to those results are listed. The future prospects towards the gridification of GATE and its extension to other domains such as dosimetry are also discussed.
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            PeneloPET, a Monte Carlo PET simulation tool based on PENELOPE: features and validation.

            Monte Carlo simulations play an important role in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, as an essential tool for the research and development of new scanners and for advanced image reconstruction. PeneloPET, a PET-dedicated Monte Carlo tool, is presented and validated in this work. PeneloPET is based on PENELOPE, a Monte Carlo code for the simulation of the transport in matter of electrons, positrons and photons, with energies from a few hundred eV to 1 GeV. PENELOPE is robust, fast and very accurate, but it may be unfriendly to people not acquainted with the FORTRAN programming language. PeneloPET is an easy-to-use application which allows comprehensive simulations of PET systems within PENELOPE. Complex and realistic simulations can be set by modifying a few simple input text files. Different levels of output data are available for analysis, from sinogram and lines-of-response (LORs) histogramming to fully detailed list mode. These data can be further exploited with the preferred programming language, including ROOT. PeneloPET simulates PET systems based on crystal array blocks coupled to photodetectors and allows the user to define radioactive sources, detectors, shielding and other parts of the scanner. The acquisition chain is simulated in high level detail; for instance, the electronic processing can include pile-up rejection mechanisms and time stamping of events, if desired. This paper describes PeneloPET and shows the results of extensive validations and comparisons of simulations against real measurements from commercial acquisition systems. PeneloPET is being extensively employed to improve the image quality of commercial PET systems and for the development of new ones.
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              Monte Carlo simulations in SPET and PET.

              Monte Carlo methods are extensively used in Nuclear Medicine to tackle a variety of problems that are difficult to study by an experimental or analytical approach. A review of the most recent tools allowing application of Monte Carlo methods in single photon emission tomography (SPET) and positron emission tomography (PET) is presented. To help potential Monte Carlo users choose a code, we present advantages and disadvantages of the different types of Monte Carlo codes currently available for SPET and PET, discuss common and specific features of the codes, classify the codes with respect to these features, comment key properties for a code to be appropriate for a given purpose and, at last, we consider the possibility of going towards a standardisation of the description of the codes which could facilitate their comparison.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                nuc
                Nucleus
                Nucleus
                CUBAENERGIA (Ciudad de La Habana, , Cuba )
                0864-084X
                2075-5635
                June 2012
                : 51
                : 14-19
                Affiliations
                [01] La Habana orgnameCentro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN) Cuba rosana@ 123456ceaden.edu.cu
                Article
                S0864-084X2012000100003 S0864-084X(12)00005103
                3d1e2769-6acc-4748-a251-41c8816ced6f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 21 November 2011
                : 10 May 2012
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 22, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
                Categories
                CIENCIAS NUCLEARES

                Monte Carlo method,sensitivity,single photon emission computed tomography,computerized simulation,G codes,comparative evaluation,sensibilidad,tomografía de emisión computarizada de fotón único,simulación computarizada,método de Monte Carlo,código G,evaluaciones comparativas

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