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      Investigation of Renalase gene rs2576178 polymorphism in patients with coronary artery disease

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          Abstract

          Renalase gene rs2576178 polymorphism has been demonstrated to be a risk factor of ischemic stroke, essential hypertension, and end-stage renal disease, but the association Renalase with risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) has been less reported. Therefore, we detected Renalase rs2576178 polymorphism in 449 CAD patients and 507 healthy controls using matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization (MALDI)/time of flight (TOF)-mass spectrometry (MS). It was found that GG genotype or G allele of rs2576178 polymorphism was associated with the risk of CAD. Stratified analysis indicated that Renalase polymorphism significantly increased the risk of CAD in females, smokers, and alcoholics. However, there was no significant association between different genotypes of rs2576178 polymorphism and clinical parameters. In summary, Renalase rs2576178 polymorphism is associated with increased risk of CAD, but this finding should be confirmed by larger studies with more diverse ethnic populations.

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          Renalase is a novel, soluble monoamine oxidase that regulates cardiac function and blood pressure.

          Guoyong Li, Susan P. Crowley, Gary V. Desir … (2005)
          The kidney not only regulates fluid and electrolyte balance but also functions as an endocrine organ. For instance, it is the major source of circulating erythropoietin and renin. Despite currently available therapies, there is a marked increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among patients suffering from end-stage renal disease. We hypothesized that the current understanding of the endocrine function of the kidney was incomplete and that the organ might secrete additional proteins with important biological roles. Here we report the identification of a novel flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent amine oxidase (renalase) that is secreted into the blood by the kidney and metabolizes catecholamines in vitro (renalase metabolizes dopamine most efficiently, followed by epinephrine, and then norepinephrine). In humans, renalase gene expression is highest in the kidney but is also detectable in the heart, skeletal muscle, and the small intestine. The plasma concentration of renalase is markedly reduced in patients with end-stage renal disease, as compared with healthy subjects. Renalase infusion in rats caused a decrease in cardiac contractility, heart rate, and blood pressure and prevented a compensatory increase in peripheral vascular tone. These results identify renalase as what we believe to be a novel amine oxidase that is secreted by the kidney, circulates in blood, and modulates cardiac function and systemic blood pressure.
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            Sibling cardiovascular disease as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in middle-aged adults.

            B D’Agostino, Byung-Ho Nam, Joanne Murabito … (2005)
            While parental cardiovascular disease (CVD) doubles the risk for CVD in offspring, the extent of increased risk associated with sibling CVD is unclear. To determine, using validated events, whether sibling CVD predicts outcome in middle-aged adults independent of other risk factors. The Framingham Offspring Study, an inception cohort of the Framingham Heart Study, a prospective population-based cohort study initiated in 1948 with the offspring cohort initiated in 1971. Participants (n = 2475) were members of the offspring cohort aged 30 years or older, free of CVD, and with at least 1 sibling in the study; all were followed up for 8 years. Association of sibling CVD with 8-year personal risk for CVD using pooled logistic regression. A secondary analysis restricted to offspring with both parents in the study assessed the joint impact of parental and sibling CVD occurrence. Among 973 person-examinations in the sibling CVD group (mean age, 57 years) and 4506 person-examinations in the no sibling CVD group (mean age, 47 years), 329 CVD events occurred during follow-up. Baseline risk factors were more prevalent in the sibling CVD group compared with the no sibling CVD group. Sibling CVD was associated with a significantly increased risk for incident CVD (age- and sex-adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-2.03). Adjustment for risk factors did not substantially attenuate the risk (adjusted OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.10-1.91). In the analysis restricted to persons with both parents in the study, in models adjusting for both sibling and parental CVD, the multivariable-adjusted OR for sibling CVD (1.99; 95% CI, 1.32-3.00) exceeded that for parental CVD (1.45; 95% CI, 1.02-2.05). Using validated events, sibling CVD conferred increased risk of future CVD events above and beyond established risk factors and parental CVD in middle-aged adults.
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              Improvement of cardiovascular risk prediction using coronary imaging: subclinical atherosclerosis: the memory of lifetime risk factor exposure.

              Raimund Erbel, Matthew Budoff (2012)
              Deaths from diseases of the heart are decreasing. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) will be the main cause of morbidity and mortality in 2015 according to a WHO report. The main problem is related to the long-time delay between the start of the development of atherosclerosis in young adults and the manifestation many decades later. Despite a recent decline in a CVD mortality rate in men and women, the main problem is related to the acute manifestation as the acute coronary syndrome, which leads 30-50% of subjects to sudden and fatal outcomes. In addition, about 20% of first and recurrent acute myocardial infarctions are silent. The lifetime risk of coronary artery disease after 40 years is 49% for men and 32% for women. That means, we are confronted with a major health care problem. This is even more obvious, when the rate of coronary heart disease deaths out of the hospital are taken into account which amount to 70% in 2007. These data are confirmed for Europe despite a strong decline of hospital deaths. Another problem is related to the fact that the number of sudden cardiac death amounts to >300 000 in the general US population. It is about 10 times higher than in those patients who are defined as prone to sudden death due to low ejection fraction, ventricular arrhythmias, and acute myocardial infarction. For cardiologists, this general topic becomes even more obvious, because even well-known cardiologists experienced early (≤65 years) sudden cardiac deaths such as RW Campbell, JM Isner, PA Poole-Wilson, H Drexler, and recently the paediatric cardiologist from Hannover, A Wessels. These events underline again what has been emphasized 15 years ago by the MONICA study that two-thirds of patients die outside the hospital and that we have to concentrate on primary and secondary prevention, also in memory of these colleagues. This review will demonstrate the potential value of coronary artery calcification screening which can be used as a sign of subclinical coronary arteriosclerosis for improved risk prediction, the first step to prevention. Subclinical atherosclerosis represents the vessel memory of risk factor exposure.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Biosci Rep
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Biosci. Rep
                Journal ID (hwp): ppbioscirep
                Journal ID (publisher-id): BSR
                Title: Bioscience Reports
                Publisher: Portland Press Ltd.
                ISSN (Print): 0144-8463
                ISSN (Electronic): 1573-4935
                Publication date (Electronic preprint): 04 September 2018
                Publication date (Electronic): 14 September 2018
                Publication date Collection: 31 October 2018
                Volume: 38
                Issue: 5
                Electronic Location Identifier: BSR20180839
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Cardiology, Ningbo Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 819 Guang’an Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
                [2 ]Binjiang Clinic, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
                [3 ]Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 318 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
                [4 ]Department of Intensive Care Unit, Ningbo Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 819 Guang’an Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Zhongmei Li ( lizhongmei1980@ 123456163.com )
                Article
                DOI: 10.1042/BSR20180839
                PMC ID: 6137248
                PubMed ID: 30181378
                SO-VID: 3d7c75e7-baa2-4fd4-9c3e-9d5a3a1cbae1
                Copyright © © 2018 The Author(s).
                License:

                This is an open access article published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY).

                History
                Date received : 28 May 2018
                Date revision received : 27 July 2018
                Date accepted : 24 August 2018
                Page count
                Pages: 5
                Categories
                Subject: Research Articles
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: 40
                Subject: 15

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Life sciences
                Keywords: coronary heart disease,molecular epidemiology,renalase,rs2576178 polymorphism
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Life sciences
                Keywords: coronary heart disease, molecular epidemiology, renalase, rs2576178 polymorphism

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