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      La incapacidad temporal atribuible al consumo de tabaco en trabajadores de 35-64 años. Cataluña, 2007-2016 Translated title: Sick leave due to tobacco use in workers aged 35-64. Catalonia, 2007-2016.

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          RESUMEN

          Fundamentos:

          Pocos estudios recientes han investigado en nuestro medio la magnitud y las tendencias del impacto del consumo de tabaco en la pérdida de productividad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir la proporción de episodios y de días en incapacidad temporal no profesional de duración superior a 5 días y atribuible al consumo de tabaco en Cataluña en el período 2007-2016, respecto del total de incapacidad temporal en trabajadores de 35-64 años.

          Métodos:

          Estudio descriptivo de 3.627.107 episodios y 237.219.230 días de incapacidad temporal por todas las causas, excepto las de origen profesional, en trabajadores de 35-64 años. Se aplicaron las fracciones etiológicas poblacionales. Se calculó la proporción anual de episodios y de días en incapacidad temporal atribuible (ITA) respecto de la incapacidad temporal (IT) por todas las causas y se realizó un test de tendencia.

          Resultados:

          El porcentaje de episodios y de días en ITA por consumo de tabaco fue superior en hombres (3,9%; 5,5% respectivamente) que en mujeres (2,3%; 1,5% respectivamente). La tendencia de la ITA fue ascendente, con un OR máximo en 2013. Para los episodios de ITA, la Z corregida fue 25,3 en hombres (p<0,001) y 49,4 en mujeres (p<0,001). Para los días en ITA, la Z corregida fue 36,9 en hombres (p<0,001) y 250,4 en mujeres (p<0,001).

          Conclusiones:

          Alrededor de un 3% de los episodios de IT de 5 días o más son atribuibles al tabaco, con una tendencia ascendente en ambos sexos. Es necesario continuar reforzando las políticas de prevención y control del tabaquismo para mejorar esta tendencia.

          ABSTRACT

          Background:

          Few recent studies have researched into the size and trends of the impact of tobacco use on productivity losses. The objective of this work was to describe the percentage of episodes and non work-related sick leave days with a duration over 5 days due to tobacco use in Catalonia in the period 2007-2016 in relation to the total sick-leave episodes and sick leave days in patients aged 35-64.

          Methods:

          Descriptive study of 3,627,107 episodes and 237,219,230 days in sick-leave by any cause, except those work-related, in workers aged 35-64. Population etiological fractions were used. The annual percentage of number of episodes and sick-leave days due to tobacco use in relation with total episodes and sick-leave days was calculated and a trend test was performed.

          Results:

          The percentage of sick-leave episodes and days due to tobacco use was higher in men (3.9%; 5.5% respectively) than in women (2.3%; 1.5% respectively). The trend for sick-leave due to tobacco use was positive, with a maximum OR in 2013. For the number of sick-leave episodes due to tobacco use, the corrected Z was 25.3 in men (p < 0.001) and 49.4 in women (p < 0.001). For sick-leave days due to tobacco use, the corrected Z was 36.9 in men (p < 0.001) and 250.4 in women (p < 0.001).

          Conclusions:

          About 3% of sick-leave episodes with a duration over than 5 days are due to tobacco use, with a positive trend in both sexes. It is necessary to continue reinforcing the tobacco prevention and control policies in order to improve such trends for years to come.

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          Most cited references29

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          Workplace wellness programs can generate savings.

          Amid soaring health spending, there is growing interest in workplace disease prevention and wellness programs to improve health and lower costs. In a critical meta-analysis of the literature on costs and savings associated with such programs, we found that medical costs fall by about $3.27 for every dollar spent on wellness programs and that absenteeism costs fall by about $2.73 for every dollar spent. Although further exploration of the mechanisms at work and broader applicability of the findings is needed, this return on investment suggests that the wider adoption of such programs could prove beneficial for budgets and productivity as well as health outcomes.
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            Impact of work-related factors, lifestyle, and work ability on sickness absence among Dutch construction workers.

            The objective of this study was to evaluate the relative contribution of individual characteristics, lifestyle factors, work-related risk factors, and work ability on the occurrence of short ( 12 weeks) durations of sickness absence. Altogether 5867 Dutch construction workers with complete sick leave registration were followed from the day of their medical examination in 2005 until the end of 2006. The main outcome of the study was the duration of sickness absence, as registered by an occupational health service. Independent variables consisted of individual characteristics, lifestyle factors, work-related factors, and the work ability index. We used Poisson regression analyses with repeated occurrence of sick leave to calculate rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals of independent variables for the three categories of sick leave duration. Predictors for sick leave lasting 2-12 weeks and >12 weeks were: older age, obesity, smoking, manual materials handling, lack of job control, lung restriction, and a less than excellent work ability. For most predictors, higher RR values were observed with a longer duration of sickness absence. Obesity, smoking, manual materials handling, and lack of job control remained important risk factors for moderate and long durations of sick leave after adjusting for the strong effects of work ability on sickness absence. The highest population-attributable fractions were observed for: age over 50 years (18%), manual materials handling (20%), and good (18%), moderate (28%), and poor (2%) work ability. This study suggests that a variety of preventive measures targeted at smoking, obesity, physical load, psychosocial work factors as well as work ability will contribute to a reduction in the occurrence of sick leave.
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              Impact of smoking status on workplace absenteeism and productivity.

              To: evaluate the impact of smoking status on objective productivity and absenteeism measures; evaluate the impact of smoking status on subjective measures of productivity; and assess the correlation between subjective and objective productivity measures. Prospective cohort study in a workplace environment. Approximately 300 employees (100 each of former, current, and never smokers) at a reservation office of a large US airline. Objective productivity and absenteeism data were supplied by the employer. Subjective assessments of productivity were collected using a self report instrument, the Health and Work Questionnaire (HWQ). Current smokers had significantly greater absenteeism than did never smokers, with former smokers having intermediate values; among former smokers, absenteeism showed a significant decline with years following cessation. Former smokers showed an increase in seven of 10 objective productivity measures as compared to current smokers, with a mean increase of 4.5%. While objective productivity measures for former smokers decreased compared to measures for current smokers during the first year following cessation, values for former smokers were greater than those for current smokers by 1-4 years following cessation. Subjective assessments of "productivity evaluation by others" and "personal life satisfaction" showed significant trends with highest values for never smokers, lowest for current smokers, and intermediate for former smokers. Workplace productivity is increased and absenteeism is decreased among former smokers as compared to current smokers. Productivity among former smokers increases over time toward values seen among never smokers. Subjective measures of productivity provide indications of novel ways of productivity assessment that are sensitive to smoking status.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Esp Salud Publica
                Rev Esp Salud Publica
                resp
                Revista Española de Salud Pública
                Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar social
                1135-5727
                2173-9110
                03 August 2018
                Jan-Dec 2018
                : 92
                : e201808043
                Affiliations
                [1 ] originalSubdirecció General d’Avaluacions Mèdiques. Departament de Salut. Barcelona. España. orgnameSubdirecció General d’Avaluacions Mèdiques orgdiv1Departament de Salut Barcelona España
                [2 ] originalAgència de Salut Pública de Catalunya. Departament de Salut. Barcelona. España orgnameAgència de Salut Pública de Catalunya orgdiv1Departament de Salut Barcelona España
                Author notes
                Correspondencia Constança Albertí Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, edifici Puigmal Av. Vallcarca, 169-205 08023 Barcelona constanca.alberti@ 123456gencat.cat

                Los autores declaran no tener ningún conflicto de interés en la realización de este trabajo

                Article
                e201808043
                11587393
                30068902
                3dbaa9c3-6cae-4d2f-a882-87663992afbd

                This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. You are free to Share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) under the following terms: Attribution (You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use); NonCommercial (You may not use the material for commercial purposes); NoDerivatives (If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material); No additional restrictions (You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits).

                History
                : 16 January 2018
                : 23 May 2018
                : 03 August 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 3, Equations: 0, References: 27, Pages: 1
                Categories
                Original Breve

                consumo de tabaco,baja por enfermedad,días por enfermedad,factor de riesgo,morbilidad,epidemiología,empleado,tobacco use,sick leave,sick days,risk factor,morbidity,epidemiology,employee

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