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      Effects of COVID-19 Mental Health Interventions Among Children, Adolescents, and Adults Not Quarantined or Undergoing Treatment Due to COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials Translated title: Effets des interventions de santé mentale de la COVID-19 auprès des enfants, des adolescents, et des adultes qui ne sont pas en quarantaine ou sous traitement en raison d’une infection de la COVID-19 : une revue systématique des essais randomisés contrôlés

      review-article
      , BSc 1 , , BPH 1 , , BSc 1 , , BA 1 , , MSc 1 , , MScPH 1 , , MPH 1 , , PhD 1 , 2 , , MLIS 3 , , PhD 4 , , MSc 1 , 5 , 1 , 1 , 5 , , BSc 1 , 5 , 1 , 5 , , MSc 1 , , MD 6 , 7 , , PhD 8 , , PhD 9 , 10 , , MD 6 , 11 , , MD 2 , 12 , , PhD 13 , 14 , 15 , , PhD 1 , 2 , 5 , 13 , 14 , 16 , 17 ,
      Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie
      SAGE Publications
      coronavirus, COVID-19, mental health interventions, psychological outcomes, living systematic review

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          Abstract

          Objectives

          Our objective was to assess the effects of mental health interventions for children, adolescents, and adults not quarantined or undergoing treatment due to COVID-19 infection.

          Methods

          We searched 9 databases (2 Chinese-language) from December 31, 2019, to March 22, 2021. We included randomised controlled trials of interventions to address COVID-19 mental health challenges among people not hospitalised or quarantined due to COVID-19 infection. We synthesized results descriptively due to substantial heterogeneity of populations and interventions and risk of bias concerns.

          Results

          We identified 9 eligible trials, including 3 well-conducted, well-reported trials that tested interventions designed specifically for COVID-19 mental health challenges, plus 6 other trials with high risk of bias and reporting concerns, all of which tested standard interventions (e.g., individual or group therapy, expressive writing, mindfulness recordings) minimally adapted or not specifically adapted for COVID-19. Among the 3 well-conducted and reported trials, 1 ( N  =  670) found that a self-guided, internet-based cognitive-behavioural intervention targeting dysfunctional COVID-19 worry significantly reduced COVID-19 anxiety (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58 to 0.90) and depression symptoms (SMD 0.38, 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.55) in Swedish general population participants. A lay-delivered telephone intervention for homebound older adults in the United States ( N  =  240) and a peer-moderated education and support intervention for people with a rare autoimmune condition from 12 countries ( N  =  172) significantly improved anxiety (SMD 0.35, 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.60; SMD 0.31, 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.58) and depressive symptoms (SMD 0.31, 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.56; SMD 0.31, 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.55) 6-week post-intervention, but these were not significant immediately post-intervention. No trials in children or adolescents were identified.

          Conclusions

          Interventions that adapt evidence-based strategies for feasible delivery may be effective to address mental health in COVID-19. More well-conducted trials, including for children and adolescents, are needed.

          Abrégé

          Objectifs

          Notre objectif était d’évaluer les effets des interventions de santé mentale pour les enfants, les adolescents, et les adultes qui ne sont pas en quarantaine ni ne subissent un traitement en raison d’une infection de la COVID-19.

          Méthodes

          Nous avons cherché dans 9 bases de données (2 en chinois) du 31 décembre 2019 au 22 mars 2021. Nous avons inclus des essais randomisés contrôlés des interventions pour aborder les problèmes de santé mentale de la COVID-19 chez les personnes non hospitalisées ni en quarantaine en raison d’une infection de la COVID-19. Nous avons fait un résumé descriptif des résultats à cause de l’hétérogénéité substantielle des populations et des interventions, et des préoccupations quant au risque d’un biais.

          Résultats

          Nous avons identifié 9 essais admissibles, notamment 3 essais bien menés et bien rapportés qui vérifiaient les interventions conçues spécifiquement pour les problèmes de santé mentale de la COVID-19, plus 6 autres essais comportant un risque de biais élevé et des préoccupations de rapport, et tous vérifiaient les interventions normales (p. ex., la thérapie individuelle ou de groupe, l’écriture expressive, les enregistrements de pleine conscience) minimalement adaptées ou non spécifiquement adaptées à la COVID-19. Parmi les 3 essais bien menés et bien rapportés, l’un (N  =  670) a constaté qu’une intervention autoguidée, sur Internet, cognitivo-comportementale qui ciblait une possibilité dysfonctionnelle de la COVID-19 réduisait significativement l’anxiété de la COVID-19 (différence moyenne normalisée [DMN] 0,74, IC à 95% 0,58 à 0,90) et les symptômes de dépression (DMN 0,38, IC à 95% 0,22 à 0,55) chez les participants de la population générale suédoise. Une intervention téléphonique par des non-professionnels à des adultes âgé à la maison aux États-Unis (N  =  240) et une intervention éducative de soutien modérée par les pairs pour les personnes ayant une rare condition auto-immune de 12 pays (N  =  172) ont significativement amélioré l’anxiété (DMN 0,35, IC à 95% 0,09 à 0,60; DMN 0,31, IC à 95% 0,03 à 0,58) et les symptômes dépressifs (DMN 0,31, IC à 95% 0,05 à 0,56; DMN 0,31, IC à 95% 0,07 à 0,55) 6 semaines après l’intervention, mais celles-ci n’étaient pas significatives immédiatement après l’intervention. Aucun essai sur les enfants ou les adolescents n’a été identifié.

          Conclusions

          Les interventions qui adaptent les stratégies fondées sur des données probantes pour une prestation faisable peuvent être efficaces pour aborder la santé mentale dans la COVID-19. Il faut plus d’essais bien menés, notamment pour les enfants et les adolescents.

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          Most cited references36

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          The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews

          The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, published in 2009, was designed to help systematic reviewers transparently report why the review was done, what the authors did, and what they found. Over the past decade, advances in systematic review methodology and terminology have necessitated an update to the guideline. The PRISMA 2020 statement replaces the 2009 statement and includes new reporting guidance that reflects advances in methods to identify, select, appraise, and synthesise studies. The structure and presentation of the items have been modified to facilitate implementation. In this article, we present the PRISMA 2020 27-item checklist, an expanded checklist that details reporting recommendations for each item, the PRISMA 2020 abstract checklist, and the revised flow diagrams for original and updated reviews.
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            The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials

            Flaws in the design, conduct, analysis, and reporting of randomised trials can cause the effect of an intervention to be underestimated or overestimated. The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias aims to make the process clearer and more accurate
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              Better reporting of interventions: template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide

              Without a complete published description of interventions, clinicians and patients cannot reliably implement interventions that are shown to be useful, and other researchers cannot replicate or build on research findings. The quality of description of interventions in publications, however, is remarkably poor. To improve the completeness of reporting, and ultimately the replicability, of interventions, an international group of experts and stakeholders developed the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide. The process involved a literature review for relevant checklists and research, a Delphi survey of an international panel of experts to guide item selection, and a face to face panel meeting. The resultant 12 item TIDieR checklist (brief name, why, what (materials), what (procedure), who provided, how, where, when and how much, tailoring, modifications, how well (planned), how well (actual)) is an extension of the CONSORT 2010 statement (item 5) and the SPIRIT 2013 statement (item 11). While the emphasis of the checklist is on trials, the guidance is intended to apply across all evaluative study designs. This paper presents the TIDieR checklist and guide, with an explanation and elaboration for each item, and examples of good reporting. The TIDieR checklist and guide should improve the reporting of interventions and make it easier for authors to structure accounts of their interventions, reviewers and editors to assess the descriptions, and readers to use the information.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Can J Psychiatry
                Can J Psychiatry
                CPA
                spcpa
                Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie
                SAGE Publications (Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA )
                0706-7437
                1497-0015
                11 March 2022
                May 2022
                11 March 2022
                : 67
                : 5
                : 336-350
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Ringgold 113635, universityLady Davis Institute for Medical Research; , Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
                [2 ] Department of Psychiatry, Ringgold 5620, universityMcGill University; , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
                [3 ] Schulich Library of Physical Sciences, Life Sciences, and Engineering, Ringgold 5620, universityMcGill University; , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
                [4 ] Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
                [5 ] Department of Psychology, Ringgold 5620, universityMcGill University; , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
                [6 ] Ringgold 7978, universityCentre for Addiction and Mental Health; , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
                [7 ] Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Ringgold 7938, universityUniversity of Toronto; , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
                [8 ] Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
                [9 ] School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
                [10 ] Correctional Service of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
                [11 ] Ringgold 149914, universityDepartment of Psychiatry; , Ringgold 7938, universityUniversity of Toronto; , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
                [12 ] McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Ringgold 5620, universityMcGill University; , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
                [13 ] Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, Ringgold 5620, universityMcGill University; , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
                [14 ] Department of Medicine, Ringgold 5620, universityMcGill University; , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
                [15 ] Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Ringgold 5620, universityMcGill University Health Centre; , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
                [16 ] Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, Ringgold 5620, universityMcGill University; , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
                [17 ] Biomedical Ethics Unit, Ringgold 5620, universityMcGill University; , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
                Author notes
                [*]Brett D. Thombs, PhD, Jewish General Hospital, 4333 Cote Ste Catherine Road; Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1E4. Email: brett.thombs@ 123456mcgill.ca
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5056-618X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5644-8432
                Article
                10.1177_07067437211070648
                10.1177/07067437211070648
                9065490
                35275494
                3dd59c9d-2343-4cd7-a592-839ca785a924
                © The Author(s) 2022

                This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page ( https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

                History
                Funding
                Funded by: McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity Emergency COVID-19 Research Fund;
                Award ID: R2-42
                Funded by: Canadian Institutes of Health Research, FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000024;
                Award ID: CMS-171703
                Award ID: MS1-173070
                Categories
                Systematic Review
                Custom metadata
                ts19

                coronavirus,covid-19,mental health interventions,psychological outcomes,living systematic review

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