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      Meta-analysis of cortical thickness abnormalities in medication-free patients with major depressive disorder

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          Abstract

          Alterations in cortical thickness have been identified in major depressive disorder (MDD), but findings have been variable and inconsistent. To date, no reliable tools have been available for the meta-analysis of surface-based morphometric (SBM) studies to effectively characterize what has been learned in previous studies, and drug treatments may have differentially impacted findings. We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies that explored cortical thickness in medication-free patients with MDD, using a newly developed meta-analytic mask compatible with seed-based d mapping (SDM) meta-analytic software. We performed the meta-regression to explore the effects of demographics and clinical characteristics on variation in cortical thickness in MDD. Fifteen studies describing 529 patients and 586 healthy controls (HCs) were included. Medication-free patients with MDD, relative to HCs, showed a complex pattern of increased cortical thickness in some areas (posterior cingulate cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex) and decreased cortical thickness in others (gyrus rectus, orbital segment of the superior frontal gyrus, and middle temporal gyrus). Most findings in the whole sample analysis were confirmed in a meta-analysis of studies recruiting medication-naive patients. Using the new mask specifically developed for SBM studies, this SDM meta-analysis provides evidence for regional cortical thickness alterations in MDD, mainly involving increased cortical thickness in the default mode network and decreased cortical thickness in the orbitofrontal and temporal cortex.

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          The distributed human neural system for face perception

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            Targeted disruption of the mouse transforming growth factor-beta 1 gene results in multifocal inflammatory disease.

            Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) is a multifunctional growth factor that has profound regulatory effects on many developmental and physiological processes. Disruption of the TGF-beta 1 gene by homologous recombination in murine embryonic stem cells enables mice to be generated that carry the disrupted allele. Animals homozygous for the mutated TGF-beta 1 allele show no gross developmental abnormalities, but about 20 days after birth they succumb to a wasting syndrome accompanied by a multifocal, mixed inflammatory cell response and tissue necrosis, leading to organ failure and death. TGF-beta 1-deficient mice may be valuable models for human immune and inflammatory disorders, including autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection and graft versus host reactions.
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              Distinct genetic influences on cortical surface area and cortical thickness.

              Neuroimaging studies examining the effects of aging and neuropsychiatric disorders on the cerebral cortex have largely been based on measures of cortical volume. Given that cortical volume is a product of thickness and surface area, it is plausible that measures of volume capture at least 2 distinct sets of genetic influences. The present study aims to examine the genetic relationships between measures of cortical surface area and thickness. Participants were men in the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (110 monozygotic pairs and 92 dizygotic pairs). Mean age was 55.8 years (range: 51-59). Bivariate twin analyses were utilized in order to estimate the heritability of cortical surface area and thickness, as well as their degree of genetic overlap. Total cortical surface area and average cortical thickness were both highly heritable (0.89 and 0.81, respectively) but were essentially unrelated genetically (genetic correlation = 0.08). This pattern was similar at the lobar and regional levels of analysis. These results demonstrate that cortical volume measures combine at least 2 distinct sources of genetic influences. We conclude that using volume in a genetically informative study, or as an endophenotype for a disorder, may confound the underlying genetic architecture of brain structure.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                +862885423382 , charlie_lee@qq.com
                +862885423503 , qiyonggong@hmrrc.org.cn
                Journal
                Neuropsychopharmacology
                Neuropsychopharmacology
                Neuropsychopharmacology
                Springer International Publishing (Cham )
                0893-133X
                1740-634X
                6 November 2019
                6 November 2019
                March 2020
                : 45
                : 4
                : 703-712
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1770 1022, GRID grid.412901.f, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, , West China Hospital of Sichuan University, ; Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1770 1022, GRID grid.412901.f, Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), , West China Hospital of Sichuan University, ; Chengdu, 610041 China
                [3 ]Department of Psychoradiology, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
                [4 ]Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
                [5 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1937 0626, GRID grid.4714.6, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, , Karolinska Institutet, ; Stockholm, Sweden
                [6 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2322 6764, GRID grid.13097.3c, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, , King’s College London, ; London, UK
                [7 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1937 0247, GRID grid.5841.8, Barcelona Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, , University of Barcelona, ; Barcelona, Spain
                [8 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8470, GRID grid.10025.36, Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, , University of Liverpool, ; Liverpool, UK
                [9 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2179 9593, GRID grid.24827.3b, Department of Psychiatry, , University of Cincinnati, ; Cincinnati, OH USA
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8324-9666
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4737-5710
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5912-4871
                Article
                563
                10.1038/s41386-019-0563-9
                7021694
                31694045
                3dd6fcad-3389-43ac-aea0-433760e25c51
                © The Author(s) 2019

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 28 June 2019
                : 25 September 2019
                : 25 October 2019
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100004829, Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province (Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology);
                Award ID: 2019YJ0098
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100009579, Health Department of Sichuan Province (Sichuan Province Department of Health);
                Award ID: 18ZD035 and 19PJ078
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Technology Foundation for the Selected Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars (Sichuan Provincial Human Resources and Social Security Department, [2018]145-19) Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2018SCUH0011).
                Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China);
                Award ID: Grant Nos. 81621003, 81761128023, 81820108018, 81227002 and 81030027
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: National Key Technologies R&D Program (Program No. 2012BAI01B03); Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of China (PCSIRT, Grant No. IRT16R52); Changjiang Scholar Professorship Award (Award No. T2014190); American CMB Distinguished Professorship Award (Award No. F510000/ G16916411)
                Categories
                Article
                Custom metadata
                © American College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2020

                Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                diagnostic markers,depression
                Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                diagnostic markers, depression

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