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      Fiabilidad y validez del cuestionario SAPF y del pictograma de Stunkard en población mayor española Translated title: Reliability and validity of the SAPF questionnaire and the Stunkard rating scale amongst elderly Spanish people

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          Abstract

          Resumen Fundamento: El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la fiabilidad y validez del cuestionario SAPF y del pictograma de Stunkard para conocer la forma física autopercibida y el grado de insatisfacción corporal en un grupo de personas mayores españolas. Método: Ambos instrumentos se adaptaron al castellano y se administraron dos veces a un grupo de 86 personas mayores. Su fiabilidad y validez se evaluaron con el índice de correlación intraclase (CCI), el alfa de Cronbach y el coeficiente rho de Spearman, a partir del nivel de forma física de los participantes y de su índice de masa corporal (IMC). La comparación de las variables con distribución normal se realizó mediante ANOVA. Resultados: El cuestionario y el pictograma mostraron una buena fiabilidad test-retest (CCI = 0,78 y CCI = 0,8 respectivamente). La puntuación del SAPF y el nivel de forma física mostraron asociación débil (rho = 0,424) y la autopercepción de la propia composición corporal y el IMC, moderadamente fuerte (rho = 0,727). La forma física autopercibida del 59,5 % de la muestra fue normal, del 11,4 % mala y del 29,1 % buena. Solo el 27,06 % se mostró satisfecho con su imagen corporal, el resto mostró su deseo de bajar de peso el equivalente a uno (47,1 %), dos (22,4 %) o tres o más puntos (3,5 %) en el pictograma. Conclusiones: La adaptación al castellano de los dos instrumentos mostró fiabilidad y validez, permitiendo conocer que gran parte de la muestra se mostró insatisfecha con su imagen corporal, aspecto sobre el que el IMC ejerció una influencia significativa.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Background: The aim of the study was to identify the reliability and validity of the SAPF questionnaire and the Stunkard rating scale in determining self-perceived physical appearance and the degree of body dissatisfaction in a group of elderly Spanish people. Methods: Both instruments were adapted to Spanish people and were administered twice to a group of 86 elderly people. Their reliability and validity were assessed by means of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Cronbach's alpha and Spearman's rho coefficient, from the physical fitness level of the participants and their body mass index (BMI). ANOVA test was carried out to compare the variables with normal distribution. Results: The questionnaire and the Stunkard rating scale showed a good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.78 and ICC = 0.8, respectively). SAPF and fitness level showed a significant, albeit weak, association (rho = 0.424), while the association between self-perception of body composition and BMI was moderately strong (rho = 0.727). The self-perceived physical appearance of 59.5 % of the sample was acknowledged to be normal, 11.4 % perceived it as bad and 29.1 % as good. Only 27.1 % were satisfied with their body image, while the other participants showed a desire to lose the equivalent weight of one (47.06 %), two (22.35 %) or three or more (3.5 %) points in the Stunkard scale. Conclusion: The versions of both instruments adapted to Spanish persons showed reliability and validity, and showed that it was possible to determine that a large part of the sample was dissatisfied with their body image. BMI had a significant influence in this regard.

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          A Guideline of Selecting and Reporting Intraclass Correlation Coefficients for Reliability Research.

          Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) is a widely used reliability index in test-retest, intrarater, and interrater reliability analyses. This article introduces the basic concept of ICC in the content of reliability analysis.
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            Grip Strength: An Indispensable Biomarker For Older Adults

            Abstract Grip strength has been proposed as a biomarker. Supporting this proposition, evidence is provided herein that shows grip strength is largely consistent as an explanator of concurrent overall strength, upper limb function, bone mineral density, fractures, falls, malnutrition, cognitive impairment, depression, sleep problems, diabetes, multimorbidity, and quality of life. Evidence is also provided for a predictive link between grip strength and all-cause and disease-specific mortality, future function, bone mineral density, fractures, cognition and depression, and problems associated with hospitalization. Consequently, the routine use of grip strength can be recommended as a stand-alone measurement or as a component of a small battery of measurements for identifying older adults at risk of poor health status.
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              Age-related decrease in physical activity and functional fitness among elderly men and women

              Aim To determine differences in physical activity level and functional fitness between young elderly (60–69 years) and old elderly (70–80 years) people with the hypothesis that an age-related decline would be found. Methods A total of 1288 participants’ level of physical activity was evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire: 594 were male (mean ± standard deviation: body height 175.62 ± 9.78 cm; body weight 82.26 ± 31.33 kg) and 694 female (mean ± standard deviation: body height 165.17 ± 23.12 cm; body weight 69.74 ± 12.44 kg). Functional fitness was also estimated using the Senior Fitness Test: back scratch, chair sit and reach, 8-foot up and go, chair stand up for 30 seconds, arm curl, and 2-minute step test. Results Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found for all Senior Fitness tests between young elderly (60–69 years) and old elderly (70–80) men. Similar results were found for the women, except no significant differences were found for the chair sit and reach and the 2-minute step test. From the viewpoint of energy consumption estimated by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, moderate physical activity is dominant. In addition, with aging, among men and women older than 60 years, the value of the Metabolic Equivalent of Task in total physical activity significantly reduces (P < 0.05). Conclusions This study found that the reduction in physical activity level and functional fitness was equal for both men and women and was due to the aging process. These differences between young and old elderly people were due to the reduction of muscle strength in both upper and lower limbs and changes in body-fat percentage, flexibility, agility, and endurance.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                asisna
                Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra
                Anales Sis San Navarra
                Gobierno de Navarra. Departamento de Salud (Pamplona, Navarra, Spain )
                1137-6627
                December 2021
                : 44
                : 3
                : 327-337
                Affiliations
                [3] Pontevedra orgnameInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur España
                [2] Pontevedra Galicia orgnameUniversidade de Vigo orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación y el Deporte orgdiv2Grupo de Investigación Well-Move Spain
                [1] Pontevedra Galicia orgnameUniversidade de Vigo orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación y el Deporte orgdiv2Departamento de Didácticas Especiales Spain
                Article
                S1137-66272021000300327 S1137-6627(21)04400300327
                10.23938/assn.0956
                3de04bc8-dc3d-4d23-8069-99f2042b0a7b

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 14 December 2020
                : 13 August 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 49, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Artículos Originales

                Self concept,Questionnaires,Physical fitness,Older adults,Corporal satisfaction,Autopercepción,Cuestionario,Forma física,Adultos mayores,Satisfacción corporal

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