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      Lectins from Edible Mushrooms

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          Abstract

          Mushrooms are famous for their nutritional and medicinal values and also for the diversity of bioactive compounds they contain including lectins. The present review is an attempt to summarize and discuss data available on molecular weights, structures, biological properties, N-terminal sequences and possible applications of lectins from edible mushrooms. It further aims to update and discuss/examine the recent advancements in the study of these lectins regarding their structures, functions, and exploitable properties. A detailed tabling of all the available data for N-terminal sequences of these lectins is also presented here.

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          Medicinal mushroom science: Current perspectives, advances, evidences, and challenges.

          Solomon P. Wasser (2014)
          The main target of the present review is to draw attention to the current perspectives, advances, evidences, challenges, and future development of medicinal mushroom science in the 21 st century. Medicinal mushrooms and fungi are thought to possess approximately 130 medicinal functions, including antitumor, immunomodulating, antioxidant, radical scavenging, cardiovascular, anti-hypercholesterolemic, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-parasitic, antifungal, detoxification, hepatoprotective, and antidiabetic effects. Many, if not all, higher Basidiomycetes mushrooms contain biologically active compounds in fruit bodies, cultured mycelium, and cultured broth. Special attention is paid to mushroom polysaccharides. The data on mushroom polysaccharides and different secondary metabolites are summarized for approximately 700 species of higher hetero- and homobasidiomycetes. Numerous bioactive polysaccharides or polysaccharide-protein complexes from the medicinal mushrooms described appear to enhance innate and cell-mediated immune responses, and exhibit antitumor activities in animals and humans. Whilst the mechanism of their antitumor actions is still not completely understood, stimulation and modulation of key host immune responses by these mushroom compounds appear central. Polysaccharides and low-molecular-weight secondary metabolites are particularly important due to their antitumor and immunostimulating properties. Several of the mushroom compounds have been subjected to Phase I, II, and III clinical trials, and are used extensively and successfully in Asia to treat various cancers and other diseases. Special attention is given to many important unsolved problems in the study of medicinal mushrooms.
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            Edible mushrooms: role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

            Eva Guillamón, Ana García-Lafuente, Miguel Lozano … (2010)
            Edible mushrooms are a valuable source of nutrients and bioactive compounds in addition to a growing appeal for humans by their flavors and culinary features. Recently, they have become increasingly attractive as functional foods for their potential beneficial effects on human health. Hence, food industry is especially interested in cultivated and wild edible mushrooms. Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most prevalent causes of morbidity and mortality in the Western world. Several investigations have shown the influence of mushrooms intake on some metabolic markers (total, LDL, HDL cholesterol, fasting triacylglycerol, homocysteine, blood pressure, homeostatic function and oxidative and inflammatory damage), which potentially may reduce the risk of suffering cardiovascular diseases. Relevant nutritional aspects of mushrooms include a high fiber supply, a low fat content with low trans isomers of unsaturated fatty acids and a low concentration of sodium as well as the occurrence of components such as eritadenine, phenolic compounds, sterols (such as ergosterol), chitosan, triterpenes, etc., which are considered as important responsible agents for some hitherto healthy properties. The aims of this review are to report putative positive effects of mushrooms consumption on cardiovascular diseases risk markers and to identify some putative bioactive compounds involved in these effects. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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              Bioactive proteins from mushrooms.

              Xiaofei Xu, Huidan Yan, Jian Chen … (2015)
              Mushrooms have been used as food or medicine for thousands of years. Due to low-fat content and absence of cholesterol, many mushrooms are excellent sources of protein. There are various mushroom proteins with interesting biological activities, such as lectins, fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIP), ribosome inactivating proteins (RIP), ribonucleases, laccases, and other proteins, which have become popular sources of natural antitumor, antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidative, and immunomodulatory agents. The aim of this review is to update the present status of bioactive proteins in mushrooms, and to discuss their biomedical potential and future prospectives. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Derek J. McPhee: Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Molecules
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Molecules
                Journal ID (publisher-id): molecules
                Title: Molecules
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1420-3049
                Publication date (Electronic): 31 December 2014
                Publication date Collection: January 2015
                Volume: 20
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 446-469
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Biochemistry Department, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal 795003, India; E-Mail: sunil_senjam@ 123456rediffmail.com
                [2 ]State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; E-Mail: hxwang@ 123456cau.edu.cn
                [3 ]School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; E-Mails: bomberharo@ 123456yahoo.com.hk (Y.S.C.); wenliangpan@ 123456yahoo.com (W.P.); danxiuli@ 123456hotmail.com (X.D.); ycm1907@ 123456gmail.com (C.M.Y.)
                [4 ]Department of Biology and Medical Laboratory Research, Leiden University of Applied Science, Zernikedreef 11, Leiden 2333 CK, The Netherlands; E-Mail: ouafae@ 123456live.nl
                Author notes
                [* ]Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: b021770@ 123456mailserv.cuhk.edu.hk ; Tel.: +852-3943-6872; Fax: +852-6053-5123.
                Article
                Publisher ID: molecules-20-00446
                DOI: 10.3390/molecules20010446
                PMC ID: 6272671
                PubMed ID: 25558856
                SO-VID: 3de3ee70-ef03-47c4-9e55-6583665bb24b
                Copyright © © 2014 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 06 November 2014
                Date accepted : 23 December 2014
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: lectins,edible mushroom,medicinal value,biological properties,n-terminal sequences
                Data availability:
                Keywords: lectins, edible mushroom, medicinal value, biological properties, n-terminal sequences

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