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      Gold-implanted plasmonic quartz plate as a launch pad for laser-driven photoacoustic microfluidic pumps

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          Significance

          A revolutionary microfluidic pump is demonstrated; it has no moving parts and no electrical contacts. It consists of a quartz plate implanted by Au particles where every point on the plate can function as a micropump. The pump is driven by a laser beam and is based on the discovered principle of photoacoustic laser streaming. When a pulsed laser hits the plate, it is absorbed by Au nanoparticles that generate an ultrasound wave, which then drives the fluid via acoustic streaming. Because laser beams can be arbitrarily patterned and timed, the fluid can be controlled by laser in a fashion similar to musical water fountains. Such a laser-driven photoacoustic micropump will find wide applications in microfluidics and optofluidics.

          Abstract

          Enabled initially by the development of microelectromechanical systems, current microfluidic pumps still require advanced microfabrication techniques to create a variety of fluid-driving mechanisms. Here we report a generation of micropumps that involve no moving parts and microstructures. This micropump is based on a principle of photoacoustic laser streaming and is simply made of an Au-implanted plasmonic quartz plate. Under a pulsed laser excitation, any point on the plate can generate a directional long-lasting ultrasound wave which drives the fluid via acoustic streaming. Manipulating and programming laser beams can easily create a single pump, a moving pump, and multiple pumps. The underlying pumping mechanism of photoacoustic streaming is verified by high-speed imaging of the fluid motion after a single laser pulse. As many light-absorbing materials have been identified for efficient photoacoustic generation, photoacoustic micropumps can have diversity in their implementation. These laser-driven fabrication-free micropumps open up a generation of pumping technology and opportunities for easy integration and versatile microfluidic applications.

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          Most cited references53

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          A review of micropumps

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            Generating heat with metal nanoparticles

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              Small power: Autonomous nano- and micromotors propelled by self-generated gradients

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
                Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
                pnas
                pnas
                PNAS
                Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
                National Academy of Sciences
                0027-8424
                1091-6490
                2 April 2019
                14 March 2019
                14 March 2019
                : 116
                : 14
                : 6580-6585
                Affiliations
                [1] aInstitute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu, 610054 Sichuan, China;
                [2] bDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, TX 77204;
                [3] cDepartment of Electrical Information Engineering, Henan University of Engineering , Xinzheng, 451191 Henan, China;
                [4] dPhysics Department and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston , Houston, TX 77204;
                [5] eDepartment of Mathematics, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907;
                [6] fDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, TX 77204
                Author notes
                2To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: zhmwang@ 123456uestc.edu.cn or jbao@ 123456uh.edu .

                Edited by Naomi J. Halas, Rice University, Houston, TX, and approved February 14, 2019 (received for review November 5, 2018)

                Author contributions: S.Y., F.L., Q.Z., S.D., X.S., D.L., W.-K.C., Z.W., and J.B. designed research; S.Y., F.L., Q.Z., and N.E. performed research; S.Y., F.L., Q.Z., N.E., and J.B. analyzed data; and J.B. wrote the paper.

                1S.Y., F.L., and Q.Z. contributed equally to this work.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6819-0117
                Article
                201818911
                10.1073/pnas.1818911116
                6452654
                30872482
                3df26b2e-76b3-41cb-86b3-9e5daf4b77a1
                Copyright © 2019 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.

                This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND).

                History
                Page count
                Pages: 6
                Funding
                Funded by: Welch Foundation 100000928
                Award ID: E-1728
                Award Recipient : Jiming Bao
                Funded by: National Science Foundation (NSF) 100000001
                Award ID: EEC-1530753
                Award Recipient : Jiming Bao
                Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 501100001809
                Award ID: 61805071
                Award Recipient : Qiuhui Zhang
                Categories
                Physical Sciences
                Applied Physical Sciences

                microfluidic pumps,photoacoustics,laser streaming,ion implantation,surface plasmon resonance

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