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      Neuropeptide transmission in brain circuits.

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      Neuron
      Elsevier BV

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          Abstract

          Neuropeptides are found in many mammalian CNS neurons where they play key roles in modulating neuronal activity. In contrast to amino acid transmitter release at the synapse, neuropeptide release is not restricted to the synaptic specialization, and after release, a neuropeptide may diffuse some distance to exert its action through a G protein-coupled receptor. Some neuropeptides such as hypocretin/orexin are synthesized only in single regions of the brain, and the neurons releasing these peptides probably have similar functional roles. Other peptides such as neuropeptide Y (NPY) are synthesized throughout the brain, and neurons that synthesize the peptide in one region have no anatomical or functional connection with NPY neurons in other brain regions. Here, I review converging data revealing a complex interaction between slow-acting neuromodulator peptides and fast-acting amino acid transmitters in the control of energy homeostasis, drug addiction, mood and motivation, sleep-wake states, and neuroendocrine regulation.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Neuron
          Neuron
          Elsevier BV
          1097-4199
          0896-6273
          Oct 04 2012
          : 76
          : 1
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. anthony.vandenpol@yale.edu
          Article
          S0896-6273(12)00847-1 NIHMS409337
          10.1016/j.neuron.2012.09.014
          3918222
          23040809
          3e0ed266-2310-4acb-87ca-272be2c7a63c
          Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
          History

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