Efecto de un programa de refuerzo motriz en alumnado con dificultades motrices y/o sociales  <span class="so-article-trans-title" dir="auto"> Translated title: Effect of a motor reinforcement programme in students with motor and/or social difficulties </span> <span class="so-article-trans-title" dir="auto"> Translated title: Efeito de um programa de reforço motor sobre os estudantes com dificuldades motoras e/ou sociais </span>

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Abstract

RESUMEN El objetivo del presente estudio fue mejorar la competencia motriz y las relaciones sociales en alumnado con dificultades de coordinación y/o sociales a través de un programa integral de refuerzo motriz. Para ello, el estudio se dividió en cuatro fases. En la primera fase se seleccionaron, de entre los 60 niños participantes de tercer curso de Educación infantil, aquellos susceptibles de sufrir dificultades de movimiento y/o déficit en sus relaciones sociales, tras la aplicación de una serie de pruebas filtro. En la segunda y tercera fase se evaluó la competencia motriz, mediante la Batería de evaluación del movimiento para niños (MABC-2) y se implementó un programa de alfabetización física orientado al desarrollo de las habilidades motrices básicas para, finalmente, en la cuarta fase, comprobar si se había producido alguna mejora en la competencia motriz y en las relaciones sociales del alumnado participante. Tras la aplicación de la intervención se comprobaron mejoras significativas entre las medias pre y post en la dimensión equilibrio, puntería y atrape y puntuación global, además de una mejora significativa en amigo positivo. Estos resultados invitan a seguir trabajando en esta línea para favorecer un adecuado desarrollo de los alumnos de la etapa de infantil, tanto a nivel motriz como a nivel social.

Translated abstract

ABSTRACT The goal of this study was to improve motor competence and social relationships among students with coordination and / or social difficulties, through an integrative reinforcement program, from motor skills. For that purpose, the study was divided into four phases. In the first one, from among 60 children participating in the third year of Early Childhood Education, those who were susceptible to suffer difficulties with movement and / or deficits in their social relationships were selected, after having applied different filter tests. In the second and third phase, motor competence was evaluated through the Children's Movement Assessment Battery (MABC-2) and a physical literacy program was implemented aimed at the development of basic motor skills. Finally, in the fourth phase, it was checked whether there had been any improvement in the motor competence and social relations of the participating students. After intervention, significant improvements were found between the pre and post averages in the dimension balance, aim and catch and overall score, plus a significant improvement in positive friend. These results invite us to continue working to promote the adequate development among students in the infant stage, both at the motor and social levels.

Translated abstract

RESUMO Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo melhorar a competência motora e as relações sociais em estudantes com dificuldades de coordenação e/ou sociais, por meio de um programa abrangente de reforço das habilidades motoras. Para isso, o estudo está dividido em quatro fases. Na primeira, foram selecionados entre os 60 alunos participantes do terceiro curso de educação infantil, aqueles suscetíveis de apresentar dificuldades de movimento e/ou de relações sociais, após a aplicação de uma série de testes de filtragem. Na segunda e terceira fases, avaliou-se a competência motora por meio da Bateria de Avaliação de Movimentos para Crianças (Mabc-2) e se implementou um programa de alfabetização física orientada ao desenvolvimento das habilidades motoras básicas; para, finalmente, na quarta fase, comprovar se houve melhora na competência motora e nas relações sociais dos participantes. Após a aplicação da intervenção, melhorias significativas entre as médias pré e post na dimensão equilíbrio, pontaria e captura e pontuação global , bem como uma melhoria significativa em amigo positivo. O que nos sugere a continuar trabalhando nesta linha para promover o desenvolvimento adequado dos alunos na fase infantil, tanto no nível motor quanto no social.

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Motor Competence and its Effect on Positive Developmental Trajectories of Health.

Leah E Robinson, David F Stodden, Lisa M. Barnett … (2015)

In 2008, Stodden and colleagues took a unique developmental approach toward addressing the potential role of motor competence in promoting positive or negative trajectories of physical activity, health-related fitness, and weight status. The conceptual model proposed synergistic relationships among physical activity, motor competence, perceived motor competence, health-related physical fitness, and obesity with associations hypothesized to strengthen over time. At the time the model was proposed, limited evidence was available to support or refute the model hypotheses. Over the past 6 years, the number of investigations exploring these relationships has increased significantly. Thus, it is an appropriate time to examine published data that directly or indirectly relate to specific pathways noted in the conceptual model. Evidence indicates that motor competence is positively associated with perceived competence and multiple aspects of health (i.e., physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, muscular endurance, and a healthy weight status). However, questions related to the increased strength of associations across time and antecedent/consequent mechanisms remain. An individual's physical and psychological development is a complex and multifaceted process that synergistically evolves across time. Understanding the most salient factors that influence health and well-being and how relationships among these factors change across time is a critical need for future research in this area. This knowledge could aid in addressing the declining levels of physical activity and fitness along with the increasing rates of obesity across childhood and adolescence.

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Physical education and sport in schools: a review of benefits and outcomes.

Richard Ian Bailey (2006)

This paper explores the scientific evidence that has been gathered on the contributions and benefits of physical education and sport (PES) in schools for both children and for educational systems. Research evidence is presented in terms of children's development in a number of domains: physical, lifestyle, affective, social, and cognitive. The review suggests that PES have the potential to make significant and distinctive contributions to development in each of these domains. It is suggested that PES have the potential to make distinctive contributions to the development of children's fundamental movement skills and physical competences, which are necessary precursors of participation in later lifestyle and sporting physical activities. They also, when appropriately presented, can support the development of social skills and social behaviors, self-esteem and proschool attitudes, and, in certain circumstances, academic and cognitive development. The review also stresses that many of these benefits will not necessarily result from participation, per se; the effects are likely to be mediated by the nature of the interactions between students and their teachers, parents, and coaches who work with them. Contexts that emphasize positive experiences, characterized by enjoyment, diversity, and the engagement of all, and that are managed by committed and trained teachers and coaches, and supportive and informed parents, significantly influence the character of these physical activities and increase the likelihood of realizing the potential benefits of participation.