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      Perceived Significance of Engagement in Research Prioritization Among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients, Caregivers, and Health Care Professionals: A Qualitative Study

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          Abstract

          Background:

          Patients and other stakeholders are increasingly engaging as partners in research, although how they perceive such experiences, particularly over the long term, is not well understood.

          Objective:

          To characterize how participants from a nondialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) research priority-setting project conducted 2 years previously perceived the significance of their involvement.

          Design:

          Qualitative descriptive study with semi-structured, individual interviews.

          Setting:

          Participants resided across Canada.

          Participants:

          Eligible participants included stakeholders (ie, patients with nondialysis CKD, caregivers, health care professionals, and policy makers) who had taken part in a prior CKD research priority-setting project.

          Measurements:

          We explored stakeholder experiences and perspectives on engagement in CKD research prioritization.

          Methods:

          We purposively sampled across stakeholder roles and engagement types (ie, involvement in the priority-setting workshop, wiki online tool, and/or steering committee). All interviews were conducted by a single investigator by telephone or face-to-face, and audio-recordings were transcribed verbatim. The data were inductively coded and analyzed by 2 investigators using a thematic analysis approach.

          Results:

          We conducted 23 interviews across stakeholder roles and engagement types. Participants appreciated the integration of distinct stakeholder communities of patients, researchers, and health care professionals that occurred through engagement in research priority setting. Their opportunity to interact with patients and others directly impacted by CKD outside of the clinical setting contributed to an enhanced understanding of the CKD lived experience and value of patient-oriented research. This interaction helped participants refine and refocus their commitment to patient-centered CKD care and research, characterized by enhanced knowledge and confidence (patients/caregivers), adaptations to existing clinical practices and policies (health care providers/policy makers), and subsequent research engagement.

          Limitations:

          The views of participants may not reflect those of individuals in other research or health care settings.

          Conclusions:

          Stakeholder engagement in nondialysis CKD research prioritization encouraged the integration of stakeholder communities, an appreciation of the CKD experience, and a refocusing of participants’ commitment to research and care. Findings highlight considerations for future health research engaging stakeholders, particularly those living with CKD, as research partners.

          Abrégé

          Contexte:

          Les patients et autres parties prenantes se positionnent de plus en plus à titre de partenaires en recherche; on en connaît toutefois peu sur leur perception de leur implication, surtout à long terme.

          Objectif de l’étude:

          Déterminer l’importance perçue de l’implication de participants à un projet d’établissement des priorités de recherche sur l’insuffisance rénale chronique (IRC) sans dialyse, mené 2 ans auparavant.

          Type d’étude:

          Il s’agit d’une étude qualitative et descriptive basée sur des entrevues individuelles semi-structurées.

          Cadre de l’étude:

          Les participants venaient de partout au Canada.

          Participants à l’étude:

          Les candidats admissibles étaient les parties prenantes (patients, proches aidants, professionnels de la santé et décideurs) à un projet antérieur d’établissement des priorités de recherche sur l’insuffisance rénale chronique (IRC) sans dialyse.

          Mesures:

          Nous nous sommes penchés sur les expériences et impressions de parties prenantes concernant leur implication en établissement des priorités de recherche sur l’insuffisance rénale chronique (IRC) sans dialyse.

          Méthodologie:

          Nous avons sciemment consulté des représentants de diverses catégories de parties prenantes impliquées dans l’atelier d’établissement des priorités, le site wiki ou le comité directeur. L’ensemble des entrevues a été mené par un même chercheur, au téléphone ou en personne. Les enregistrements audio ont été transcrits verbatim. Ensuite, deux chercheurs ont inductivement codifié et analysé les données avec une approche thématique.

          Résultats:

          Nous avons mené 23 entrevues avec des représentants des diverses catégories de parties prenantes. Les participants ont aimé que le projet d’établissement des priorités regroupe plusieurs communautés de parties prenantes (patients, chercheurs et professionnels de la santé). Les interactions avec les patients et les autres personnes directement touchées par l’IRC (en dehors du milieu clinique) ont contribué à une meilleure compréhension de l’expérience de l’IRC et de la valeur d’un travail de recherche axée sur le patient. Les échanges ont permis aux participants d’affiner et de recentrer leur engagement envers des soins et de la recherche axés sur le patient, lesquels sont caractérisés par i) une connaissance et un lien de confiance renforcés (pour les patients et les proches aidants); ii) des ajustements aux pratiques et politiques cliniques (pour les fournisseurs de soins et les décideurs); et iii) une implication subséquente en recherche.

          Limites de l’étude:

          Les avis des participants pourraient ne pas être transposables à d’autres contextes cliniques ou de recherche.

          Conclusion:

          L’implication de parties prenantes dans l’établissement des priorités de recherche sur l’IRC sans dialyse a concouru à réunir les diverses communautés de parties prenantes, à mieux comprendre l’expérience du patient atteint d’IRC et à recentrer l’engagement des participants envers une optique de recherche et de soins axée sur le patient. Nos constats mettent en lumière des éléments à considérer en vue de l’implication future de parties prenantes (particulièrement les personnes atteintes d’IRC) dans des projets de recherche en santé.

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          Most cited references32

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          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups.

          Qualitative research explores complex phenomena encountered by clinicians, health care providers, policy makers and consumers. Although partial checklists are available, no consolidated reporting framework exists for any type of qualitative design. To develop a checklist for explicit and comprehensive reporting of qualitative studies (in depth interviews and focus groups). We performed a comprehensive search in Cochrane and Campbell Protocols, Medline, CINAHL, systematic reviews of qualitative studies, author or reviewer guidelines of major medical journals and reference lists of relevant publications for existing checklists used to assess qualitative studies. Seventy-six items from 22 checklists were compiled into a comprehensive list. All items were grouped into three domains: (i) research team and reflexivity, (ii) study design and (iii) data analysis and reporting. Duplicate items and those that were ambiguous, too broadly defined and impractical to assess were removed. Items most frequently included in the checklists related to sampling method, setting for data collection, method of data collection, respondent validation of findings, method of recording data, description of the derivation of themes and inclusion of supporting quotations. We grouped all items into three domains: (i) research team and reflexivity, (ii) study design and (iii) data analysis and reporting. The criteria included in COREQ, a 32-item checklist, can help researchers to report important aspects of the research team, study methods, context of the study, findings, analysis and interpretations.
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            Whatever happened to qualitative description?

            The general view of descriptive research as a lower level form of inquiry has influenced some researchers conducting qualitative research to claim methods they are really not using and not to claim the method they are using: namely, qualitative description. Qualitative descriptive studies have as their goal a comprehensive summary of events in the everyday terms of those events. Researchers conducting qualitative descriptive studies stay close to their data and to the surface of words and events. Qualitative descriptive designs typically are an eclectic but reasonable combination of sampling, and data collection, analysis, and re-presentation techniques. Qualitative descriptive study is the method of choice when straight descriptions of phenomena are desired. Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons,
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              What's in a name? Qualitative description revisited.

              "Whatever Happened to Qualitative Description?" (Sandelowski, 2000) was written to critique the prevailing tendency in qualitative health research to claim the use of methods that were not actually used and to clarify a methodological approach rarely identified as a distinctive method. The article has generated several misconceptions, most notably that qualitative description requires no interpretation of data. At the root of these misconceptions is the persistent challenge of defining qualitative research methods. Qualitative description is a "distributed residual category" (Bowker & Star, 2000). Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press) in the classification of these methods. Its value lies not only in the knowledge its use can produce, but also as a vehicle for presenting and treating research methods as living entities that resist simple classification.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Can J Kidney Health Dis
                Can J Kidney Health Dis
                CJK
                spcjk
                Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease
                SAGE Publications (Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA )
                2054-3581
                19 October 2018
                2018
                : 5
                : 2054358118807480
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
                [2 ]Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
                [3 ]Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
                [4 ]Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
                [5 ]Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
                [6 ]Canadian Arthritis Patient Alliance, Midland, Kings County, NB, Canada
                [7 ]Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
                Author notes
                [*]Meghan J. Elliott, MD, Foothills Medical Centre, Room C202B, 1403 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 2T9. Email: meghan.elliott@ 123456albertahealthservices.ca
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5434-2917
                Article
                10.1177_2054358118807480
                10.1177/2054358118807480
                6196622
                30364531
                3e2266e2-fbed-42bd-92ba-56385554295c
                © The Author(s) 2018

                This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License ( http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages ( https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

                History
                : 29 June 2018
                : 31 August 2018
                Categories
                Original Research Article
                Custom metadata
                January-December 2018

                ckd (chronic kidney disease),patient engagement,qualitative research,patient-oriented research

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