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      Aspectos da função tireóidea em lactentes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca com circulação extracorpórea Translated title: Thyroid function profile in infants submitted to cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass Translated title: Aspectos de la función tiroidea en lactantes sometidos a cirugía cardíaca con circulación extracorpórea

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          Abstract

          JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A cirurgia cardíaca com circulação extracorpórea (CEC) relaciona-se à doença eutireóidea ou à depressão do eixo hipotálamo-hipofisário-tireóideo. O estado hemodinâmico incomum imposto pela CEC é responsável por diversas alterações endócrino-metabólicas, acarretando complexa resposta inflamatória sistêmica. Esta investigação teve como objetivo analisar o comportamento da triiodotironina (T3), tetraiodotironina (T4) e tireotrofina (TSH) em lactentes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca com CEC. MÉTODO: Foram estudados 15 lactentes. As amostras de sangue para pesquisa de T3, T4 e TSH foram obtidas em 4 momentos designados: M1 - após a indução da anestesia; M2 - após o final da cirurgia; M3 - 6 horas após o final da cirurgia e M4 - 24 horas após o M1. Para complementar esta investigação, foram estudadas as variações dos seguintes parâmetros: pressão arterial média (PAM), temperatura sangüínea central (ºC), atributos da oxigenação tecidual e do equilíbrio ácido-base (M1, CEC, M2, M3 e M4). RESULTADOS: As médias de idade, peso, altura e superfície corpórea dos pacientes foram 3,9 meses; 4,708 kg; 0,65 m e 0,3 m², respectivamente. As concentrações plasmáticas de T3 (p < 0,0001), T4 (p < 0,0001) e TSH (p = 0,0021) variaram significativamente durante o período estudado, sendo que as de T3 declinaram progressivamente. As menores taxas de T3 e T4 coincidiram com as maiores de Ht e Hb, descartando os efeitos da hemodiluição. As maiores concentrações séricas de TSH demonstraram a provável reação do eixo hipotálamo-hipofisário-tireóideo aos efeitos da hipotermia e da absorção maciça pelo iodo (uso tópico de soluções anti-sépticas). Foram identificados aspectos da "Síndrome do T3 baixo" em todos os momentos estudados. CONCLUSÕES: Foram observadas alterações nas concentrações séricas de T3, T4 e TSH em lactentes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca com circulação extracorpórea.

          Translated abstract

          BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is related to euthyroid disease or hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid system depression. Abnormal hemodynamic status induced by CPB is responsible for several endocrine-metabolic changes, triggering complex systemic inflammatory response. This study aimed at evaluating triiodothyronine (T3), tetraiodothyronine (T4) and thyrotrophin (TSH) behavior in infants submitted to cardiac surgery with CPB. METHODS: Participated in this study 15 infants. Blood samples for T3, T4 and TSH evaluation were collected in four moments: M1 - after anesthetic induction; M2 - at surgery completion; M3 - six hours after surgery completion; M4 - 24 hours after M1. To complete this study the following parameters were evaluated: mean blood pressure (MBP), central blood temperature (ºC), tissue oxygenation and acid-base attributes (M1, CPB, M2, M3 and M4). RESULTS: The patients' means aged, weigh, height and body surface were 3.9 months; 4.708 kg; 0.65 m and 0.3 m² respectivety. Plasma T3 (p < 0.0001), T4 (p < 0.0001) and TSH (p = 0.0021) concentrations have significantly varied throughout the study with T3 concentrations progressively decreasing. Lowest T3 and T4 values were coincident with highest Ht and Hb values, discarding hemodilution effects. Highest serum TSH concentrations have shown a possible hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid system reaction to hypothermia and of massive iodine absorption (topic use of antiseptic solutions). "Low T3 Syndrome" aspects were identified in all studied moments. CONCLUSIONS: There have been changes in serum T3, T4 and TSH concentrations in infants submitted to cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.

          Translated abstract

          JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: La cirugía cardíaca con circulación extracorpórea (CEC) relacionase a la enfermedad eutiroidea o a la depresión del eje hipotálamo-hipofisário-tiroideo. El estado hemodinámico incomún impuesto por la CEC es responsable por diversas alteraciones endócrino-metabólicas, acarreando compleja respuesta inflamatoria sistémica. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar el comportamiento de la triiodotironina (T3), tetraiodotironina (T4) y tireotrofina (TSH) en lactantes sometidos a cirugía cardíaca con CEC. MÉTODO: Fueron estudiados 15 lactantes. Las muestras de sangre para pesquisa de T3, T4 y TSH fueron obtenidas en 4 momentos designados: M1 - después de la inducción de la anestesia; M2 - después del final de la cirugía; M3 - 6 horas después del final de la cirugía y M4 - 24 horas después del M1. Para complementar esta investigación, fueron estudiadas las variaciones de los siguientes parámetros: presión arterial media (PAM), temperatura sanguínea central (ºC), atributos de la oxigenación del tejido y del equilibrio ácido-base (M1, CEC, M2, M3 y M4). RESULTADOS: Las medias de edad, peso, altura y superficie corpórea de los pacientes fueron 3,9 meses; 4,708 kg, 0,65 m y 0,3 m²respectivamente. Las concentraciones plasmáticas de T3 (p < 0,0001), T4 (p < 0,0001) y TSH (p = 0,0021) variaran significativamente durante el período estudiado, siendo que las de T3 declinaran progresivamente. Las menores tasas de T3 y T4 coincidieran con las mayores de Ht y Hb, descartando los efectos de la hemodilución. Las mayores concentraciones séricas de TSH demostraran la probable reacción del eje hipotálamo-hipofisário-tiroideo a los efectos de la hipotermia y de la absorción maciza por el yodo (uso tópico de soluciones anti-sépticas). Fueron identificados aspectos de la "Síndrome del T3 bajo" en todos los momentos estudiados. CONCLUSIONES: Fueron observadas alteraciones en las concentraciones séricas de T3, T4 y TSH en lactantes sometidos a la cirugía cardíaca con circulación extracorpórea.

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          Recent achievements in studies on thyroid hormone-binding proteins.

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            Effect of acute exposure to cold on the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid system.

            The effects of a sudden but sustained exposure to cold (1 to 6C) on serum TSH, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) (all measured by radioimmunoassay), pituitary TSH concentration, pituitary TSH secretory responsiveness to hypothalamic extract or synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in vitro as well as in vivo, and the changes of the thyrotropin-releasing activity in three TRF-rich hypothalamic areas were determined. In normal animals, serum TSH underwent a series of oscillations, first rising then returning to the basal levels, then rising again, whereas serum T4 and T3 increased within 2 h of cold exposure and remained elevated. Pituitary TSH concentration and the in vitro pituitary responsiveness declined after an initial elevation, whereas the in vivo responsiveness to TRH was diminished throughout the whole exposure to cold. Thyroid-blocked animals with steady, low levels of serum T4 and T3 showed a step by step increase of serum TSH levels and no changes in the other parameters. It is therefore assumed that the decrease of TSH secretion following the initial rise is due to a feedback inhibition by the increased levels of thyroid hormones as is the decreased pituitary responsiveness of TRH in vivo. The pituitary responsiveness in vitro seems to be determined by TSH pituitary concentrations, the changes of which are probably also secondary to the changes of the thyroid hormone levels. The mechanism of the second rise of serum TSH levels is not clear. Thyrotropin-releasing factor (TRF) activity was higher after 2 and 24 h of cold exposure in the median eminence and after 8 h in the anterior hypothalamus-preoptic area, but lower after 8 and 24 h in the dorsomedial hypothalamus. Since the changes of TRF activity in the median eminence coincided with the elevated serum TSH, they are assumed to reflect increased TRF production and secretion. The significance of the TRF changes in the other two areas is not clear.
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              Human cold air habituation is independent of thyroxine and thyrotropin.

              Thyroxine (T4) is required in species possessing brown adipose tissue (BAT) for the maintenance of cold tolerance and adaptation. In humans, who possess negligible quantities of BAT, the importance of T4 has not been demonstrated. We studied the effects of decreased serum T4 and thyrotropin (TSH) on human cold habituation after repeated cold air exposures. Eight men (T3+) received a single daily dose of triiodothyronine (T3; 30 micrograms/day), and another eight men (T3-) received a placebo. All 16 normal thyroid men underwent a standardized cold air test (SCAT) under basal conditions in January and again in March after eighty 30-min 4.4 degrees C air exposures (10/wk). Measurements of basal metabolic rate (BMR), O2 consumption (VO2), mean arterial pressure (MAP), plasma norepinephrine (NE), serum TSH, free and total T4, and free and total T3 were repeated before and after 8 wk of exposure. TSH, free T4, and total T4 were 50% lower for T3+ than for T3- subjects. Total and free T3 were not different between groups. BMR was unchanged after habituation, whereas the cold-stimulated VO2, MAP, and NE were significantly reduced for all subjects in March. The relationship between VO2 and NE (r2 = 0.44, P less than 0.001) during the initial SCAT was unchanged with habituation. We suggest that human cold habituation is independent of major changes in circulating T4 and TSH.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rba
                Revista Brasileira de Anestesiologia
                Rev. Bras. Anestesiol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia (Campinas )
                1806-907X
                June 2004
                : 54
                : 3
                : 325-334
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [2 ] Hospital São Joaquim da Real e Benemérita Sociedade Portuguesa de Beneficência
                [3 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [4 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [5 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [6 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S0034-70942004000300006
                10.1590/S0034-70942004000300006
                3e2ab62b-dfc1-4764-8572-b3031e5de71c

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0034-7094&lng=en
                Categories
                ANESTHESIOLOGY

                Anesthesiology & Pain management
                ANESTHESIA,HORMONES,SURGERY,ANESTESIA,CIRURGIA,HORMÔNIOS
                Anesthesiology & Pain management
                ANESTHESIA, HORMONES, SURGERY, ANESTESIA, CIRURGIA, HORMÔNIOS

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