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      Interrelación entre calidad, hábitos de sueño y ajuste escolar en adolescentes de un distrito urbano de Galicia Translated title: Relationship among sleep quality, sleep habits and school adjustment in adolescents from an urban district of Galicia

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          RESUMEN

          Fundamentos:

          La duración y calidad del sueño están relacionadas en los adolescentes con su estado emocional y rendimiento académico. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la calidad del sueño en un grupo de jóvenes y explorar su relación con el ajuste y rendimiento escolar.

          Métodos:

          Se realizó un estudio descriptivo-transversal, con 56 adolescentes entre 13 y 17 años de un instituto de educación secundaria de un distrito de La Coruña, durante el curso 2016-2017. Los participantes cumplimentaron el Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh (ICSP), la Escala Breve de Ajuste Escolar y un breve cuestionario sobre hábitos de sueño y calificaciones académicas. Realizamos el análisis descriptivo y diferentes pruebas comparativas o de asociación estadística por métodos paramétricos o no paramétricos según cada variable, considerándose significativos valores de p<0,10.

          Resultados:

          El 35,7% de la muestra se clasificó como mala durmiente y la somnolencia fue la variable más alterada del ICSP. Las mujeres dormían significativamente menos que los varones, aunque ambos retrasaban 100 minutos el sueño durante el fin de semana. Ser buen o mal durmiente no afectó al rendimiento académico. El ajuste escolar fue satisfactorio globalmente. Las variables que expresaron desajuste en la interacción con los profesores y compañeros de clase, así como la realización de tareas escolares, se relacionaron con la disfunción diurna.

          Conclusiones:

          La somnolencia es el problema más relevante en el grupo de malos durmientes. Esta puede influir negativamente en el ajuste escolar y en la motivación para las actividades escolares de todos los adolescentes, siendo frecuente y subestimada en la mayoría de los casos.

          ABSTRACT

          Background:

          The duration and the sleep quality are related to the emotional status and the academic performance in adolescents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of sleep in a group of adolescents, and to explore its relationship with school adjustment and performance.

          Methods:

          A cross-sectional descriptive study was made with 56 adolescents aged 13-17 years from a high school institute in an urban district of La Coruña city was performed during the scholar´s year 2016-2017. The participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (ICSP) and the Brief School Adjustment Scale, and a brief questionnaire about their sleep habits and school scores. Descriptive analysis and different comparative parametric or not parametric statistical tests were applied according to type of variable; statistical significant value was considerate for p<0.10.

          Results:

          The 35.7% of sample was poor sleepers and sleepiness was the most altered variable in ICSP. The female participants tended to sleep less than the male participants, and all of them went to sleep 100 minutes later on the weekend. Being a good or bad sleeper did not affect academic performance. Globally the school adjustment was satisfactory. Diurnal dysfunction was related to a worse adolescent-teacher and adolescent-classmate relationship. Diurnal dysfunction was also related to a poor motivation to perform academic tasks.

          Conclusions:

          Sleepiness is the most relevant problem in poor sleepers. Sleepiness has a negative influence on school adjustment and motivation for school activities of all adolescents; it is frequent and underestimated in most of the cases.

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          Most cited references65

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          The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research

          Despite the prevalence of sleep complaints among psychiatric patients, few questionnaires have been specifically designed to measure sleep quality in clinical populations. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a self-rated questionnaire which assesses sleep quality and disturbances over a 1-month time interval. Nineteen individual items generate seven "component" scores: subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleeping medication, and daytime dysfunction. The sum of scores for these seven components yields one global score. Clinical and clinimetric properties of the PSQI were assessed over an 18-month period with "good" sleepers (healthy subjects, n = 52) and "poor" sleepers (depressed patients, n = 54; sleep-disorder patients, n = 62). Acceptable measures of internal homogeneity, consistency (test-retest reliability), and validity were obtained. A global PSQI score greater than 5 yielded a diagnostic sensitivity of 89.6% and specificity of 86.5% (kappa = 0.75, p less than 0.001) in distinguishing good and poor sleepers. The clinimetric and clinical properties of the PSQI suggest its utility both in psychiatric clinical practice and research activities.
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            National Sleep Foundation’s updated sleep duration recommendations: final report

            To make scientifically sound and practical recommendations for daily sleep duration across the life span.
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              The influence of sleep quality, sleep duration and sleepiness on school performance in children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review.

              Insufficient sleep, poor sleep quality and sleepiness are common problems in children and adolescents being related to learning, memory and school performance. The associations between sleep quality (k=16 studies, N=13,631), sleep duration (k=17 studies, N=15,199), sleepiness (k=17, N=19,530) and school performance were examined in three separate meta-analyses including influential factors (e.g., gender, age, parameter assessment) as moderators. All three sleep variables were significantly but modestly related to school performance. Sleepiness showed the strongest relation to school performance (r=-0.133), followed by sleep quality (r=0.096) and sleep duration (r=0.069). Effect sizes were larger for studies including younger participants which can be explained by dramatic prefrontal cortex changes during (early) adolescence. Concerning the relationship between sleep duration and school performance age effects were even larger in studies that included more boys than in studies that included more girls, demonstrating the importance of differential pubertal development of boys and girls. Longitudinal and experimental studies are recommended in order to gain more insight into the different relationships and to develop programs that can improve school performance by changing individuals' sleep patterns. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Esp Salud Publica
                Rev Esp Salud Publica
                resp
                Revista Española de Salud Pública
                Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar social
                1135-5727
                2173-9110
                02 November 2020
                2020
                : 94
                : 202003016
                Affiliations
                [1 ] originalDepartamento de Didácticas Específicas y Métodos de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Educación. Facultade de Ciencias da Educación. Universidade da Coruña. La Coruña. España. orgnameUniversidade da Coruña orgdiv1Facultade de Ciencias da Educación orgdiv2Departamento de Didácticas Específicas y Métodos de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Educación La Coruña, España
                [2 ] originalServicio de Radiodiagnóstico. Hospital Comarcal de Monforte-Lugo. Lugo. España. orgnameHospital Comarcal de Monforte orgdiv1Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico Monforte, Lugo, España
                Author notes
                Correspondencia: Teresa J. García-Real. Departamento de Didácticas Específicas y Métodos de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Educación. Facultade Ciencias da Educación. Universidade da Coruña, Campus de Elviña, s/n, 15271 La Coruña, España. teresa.greal@ 123456udc.es

                Los autores declaran que no existe conflicto de intereses.

                Article
                e202003016
                11567074
                3e6c99f3-ff1a-44c7-9a63-e86419200da8

                Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons

                History
                : 14 May 2019
                : 17 February 2020
                : 20 March 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 5, Equations: 0, References: 53
                Categories
                Originales

                adolescentes,calidad del sueño,hábitos de sueño,somnolencia,ajuste escolar,rendimiento académico,adolescents,sleep quality,sleep habits,sleepiness,school adjustment,school performance

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